Histone H4 Recombinant Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody [SD209-04] (ET1612-43)

UNIPROT #

P62805

PROTEIN NAME

Histone H4

SYNONYMS

dJ160A22.1 antibody;dJ160A22.2 antibody;dJ221C16.1 antibody;dJ221C16.9 antibody;FO108 antibody;H4 antibody;H4.k antibody;H4/a antibody;H4/b antibody;H4/c antibody;H4/d antibody;H4/e antibody;H4/g antibody;H4/h antibody;H4/I antibody;H4/j antibody;H4/k antibody;H4/m antibody;H4/n antibody;H4/p antibody;H4_HUMAN antibody;H4F2 antibody;H4F2iii antibody;H4F2iv antibody;H4FA antibody;H4FB antibody;H4FC antibody;H4FD antibody;H4FE antibody;H4FG antibody;H4FH antibody;H4FI antibody;H4FJ antibody;H4FK antibody;H4FM antibody;H4FN antibody;H4M antibody;HIST1H4A antibody;HIST1H4B antibody;HIST1H4C antibody;HIST1H4D antibody;HIST1H4E antibody;HIST1H4F antibody;HIST1H4H antibody;HIST1H4I antibody;HIST1H4J antibody;HIST1H4K antibody;HIST1H4L antibody;HIST2H4 antibody;HIST2H4A antibody;Hist4h4 antibody;Histone 1 H4a antibody;Histone 1 H4b antibody;Histone 1 H4c antibody;Histone 1 H4d antibody;Histone 1 H4e antibody;Histone 1 H4f antibody;Histone 1 H4h antibody;Histone 1 H4i antibody;Histone 1 H4j antibody;Histone 1 H4k antibody;Histone 1 H4l antibody;Histone 2 H4a antibody;histone 4 H4 antibody;Histone H4 antibody;MGC24116 antibody

SEQUENCE SIMILARITIES

Belongs to the histone H4 family.

POST-TRANSLATIONAL MODIFICATION

Acetylation at Lys-6 (H4K5ac), Lys-9 (H4K8ac), Lys-13 (H4K12ac) and Lys-17 (H4K16ac) occurs in coding regions of the genome but not in heterochromatin.; Citrullination at Arg-4 (H4R3ci) by PADI4 impairs methylation.; Monomethylation and asymmetric dimethylation at Arg-4 (H4R3me1 and H4R3me2a, respectively) by PRMT1 favors acetylation at Lys-9 (H4K8ac) and Lys-13 (H4K12ac). Demethylation is performed by JMJD6. Symmetric dimethylation on Arg-4 (H4R3me2s) by the PRDM1/PRMT5 complex may play a crucial role in the germ-cell lineage.; Monomethylated, dimethylated or trimethylated at Lys-21 (H4K20me1, H4K20me2, H4K20me3). Monomethylation is performed by SET8. Dimethylation and trimethylation is performed by KMT5B and KMT5C and induces gene silencing (By similarity).; Phosphorylated by PAK2 at Ser-48 (H4S47ph). This phosphorylation increases the association of H3.3-H4 with the histone chaperone HIRA, thus promoting nucleosome assembly of H3.3-H4 and inhibiting nucleosome assembly of H3.1-H4.; Ubiquitinated by the CUL4-DDB-RBX1 complex in response to ultraviolet irradiation. This may weaken the interaction between histones and DNA and facilitate DNA accessibility to repair proteins. Monoubiquitinated at Lys-92 of histone H4 (H4K91ub1) in response to DNA damage. The exact role of H4K91ub1 in DNA damage response is still unclear but it may function as a licensing signal for additional histone H4 post-translational modifications such as H4 Lys-21 methylation (H4K20me).; Sumoylated, which is associated with transcriptional repression.; Crotonylation (Kcr) is specifically present in male germ cells and marks testis-specific genes in post-meiotic cells, including X-linked genes that escape sex chromosome inactivation in haploid cells. Crotonylation marks active promoters and enhancers and confers resistance to transcriptional repressors. It is also associated with post-meiotically activated genes on autosomes.; Butyrylation of histones marks active promoters and competes with histone acetylation.; Glutarylation at Lys-92 (H4K91glu) destabilizes nucleosomes by promoting dissociation of the H2A-H2B dimers from nucleosomes.

SUBCELLULAR LOCATION

Nucleus, Chromosome.

FUNCTION

Eukaryotic histones are basic and water soluble nuclear proteins that form hetero-octameric nucleosome particles by wrapping 146 base pairs of DNA in a left-handed super-helical turn sequentially to form chromosomal fiber. Two molecules of each of the four core histones (H2A, H2B, H3, and H4) form the octamer; formed of two H2A-H2B dimers and two H3-H4 dimers, forming two nearly symmetrical halves by tertiary structure. Over 80% of nucleosomes contain the linker Histone H1, derived from an intronless gene, that interacts with linker DNA between nucleosomes and mediates compaction into higher order chromatin. Histones are subject to posttranslational modification by enzymes primarily on their N-terminal tails, but also in their globular domains. Such modifications include methylation, citrullination, acetylation, phosphorylation, sumoylation, ubiquitination and ADP-ribosylation.