A2M Recombinant Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody [JM81-41] (ET1703-69)

UNIPROT #

P01023

PROTEIN NAME

A2M

SYNONYMS

A2m antibody;A2MG_HUMAN antibody;Alpha 2 M antibody;Alpha 2M antibody;Alpha-2-M antibody;Alpha-2-macroglobulin antibody;C3 and PZP-like alpha-2-macroglobulin domain-containing protein 5 antibody;CPAMD5 antibody;DKFZp779B086 antibody;FWP007 antibody;S863 7 antibody

SEQUENCE SIMILARITIES

Belongs to the protease inhibitor I39 (alpha-2-macroglobulin) family.

TISSUE SPECIFICITY

Secreted in plasma.

DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE

Unlike the rat protein, which is an acute phase protein, this protein is always in circulation at high levels.

SUBCELLULAR LOCATION

Secreted.

FUNCTION

α-2-Macroglobulin (α-2M) is a homotetrameric serum protein consisting of four identical subunits that form dimers through disulfide bonds. Initially, α-2M was characterized as a pan-proteinase inhibitor that was able to "bait" proteinases into cleaving specific peptide sequences on α-2M. This interaction induces a conformational change in α-2M, thus enabling it to "trap" the proteinase and further inhibit its activity. Subsequently, α-2M has been shown to function as a carrier protein and regulator of cytokines during inflammation. Circulating transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) in serum is primarily bound to α-2M, which renders TGFβ inactive. α-2M also binds to IL-6 and, thereby, increases the concentration of IL-6 near lymphocytes, hepatocytes and stem cells involved in mediating the inflammatory cascade. Mutations and deletions in the gene encoding α-2M are associated with an increased incidence of Alzheimer's Disease (AD), which is consistent with the role of α-2M in mediating the clearance and degradation of A β, the major component of β-Amyloid deposits accumulated during AD.