Glycogen synthase Recombinant Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody [SN75-05] (ET1611-59)

UNIPROT #

P13807

PROTEIN NAME

Glycogen synthase

SYNONYMS

Glycogen [starch] synthase antibody;Glycogen synthase 1 (muscle) antibody;Glycogen synthase 1 antibody;GSY antibody;GYS antibody;Gys1 antibody;GYS1_HUMAN antibody;muscle antibody

SEQUENCE SIMILARITIES

Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 3 family.

POST-TRANSLATIONAL MODIFICATION

Phosphorylation at Ser-8 by AMPK inactivates the enzyme activity. Primed phosphorylation at Ser-657 (site 5) by CSNK2A1 and CSNK2A2 is required for inhibitory phosphorylation at Ser-641 (site 3a), Ser-645 (site 3b), Ser-649 (site 3c) and Ser-653 (site 4) by GSK3A an GSK3B (By similarity). Phosphorylated at Ser-641 by DYRK2, leading to inactivation (By similarity). Phosphorylated at Ser-641 by PASK, leading to inactivation; phosphorylation by PASK is inhibited by glycogen. Dephosphorylation at Ser-641 and Ser-645 by PP1 activates the enzyme.

SUBCELLULAR LOCATION

Cytosol, Inclusion body, Membrane.

FUNCTION

Glycogen [starch] synthase belongs to the mammalian/fungal glycogen synthase family of proteins. Two forms of this protein exist, a liver form and a muscle form, both of which have the same function in the glycogen biosynthesis pathway. Glycogen synthase transfers the glycosyl residue from UDP-Glucose to the nonreducing end of α-1,4-glucan. The liver glycogen synthase protein is truncated by 34 amino acids compared to the muscle form. However, these enzymes differ significantly in their amino- and carboxyl-terminal regions. Muscle glycogen synthase serves to fuel muscular activity only and is regulated by muscle contraction and by catecholamines. Liver glycogen synthase mediates blood glucose homeostasis in response to nutritional cues. Defects in the gene encoding liver glycogen synthase results in glycogen storage disease type 0 (GSD0), a rare form of fasting ketotic hypoglycemia.