Insulin Receptor Beta Recombinant Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody [SN20-13] (ET1611-90)

UNIPROT #

P06213

PROTEIN NAME

Insulin Receptor Beta

SYNONYMS

CD220 antibody;HHF5 antibody;HIR A antibody;INSR antibody;Insulin receptor antibody;Insulin receptor subunit alpha antibody;IR antibody

SEQUENCE SIMILARITIES

Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. Tyr protein kinase family. Insulin receptor subfamily.

TISSUE SPECIFICITY

Isoform Long and isoform Short are predominantly expressed in tissue targets of insulin metabolic effects: liver, adipose tissue and skeletal muscle but are also expressed in the peripheral nerve, kidney, pulmonary alveoli, pancreatic acini, placenta vascular endothelium, fibroblasts, monocytes, granulocytes, erythrocytes and skin. Isoform Short is preferentially expressed in fetal cells such as fetal fibroblasts, muscle, liver and kidney. Found as a hybrid receptor with IGF1R in muscle, heart, kidney, adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, hepatoma, fibroblasts, spleen and placenta (at protein level). Overexpressed in several tumors, including breast, colon, lung, ovary, and thyroid carcinomas.

POST-TRANSLATIONAL MODIFICATION

After being transported from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus, the single glycosylated precursor is further glycosylated and then cleaved, followed by its transport to the plasma membrane.; Autophosphorylated on tyrosine residues in response to insulin. Phosphorylation of Tyr-999 is required for binding to IRS1, SHC1 and STAT5B. Dephosphorylated by PTPRE at Tyr-999, Tyr-1185, Tyr-1189 and Tyr-1190. Dephosphorylated by PTPRF and PTPN1. Dephosphorylated by PTPN2; down-regulates insulin-induced signaling.

SUBCELLULAR LOCATION

Cell membrane.

FUNCTION

The insulin receptor (IR) is a heterodimeric protein complex that has an intracellular β subunit and an extracellular α subunit, which is disulfide- linked to a transmembrane segment. The insulin ligand binds to the IR and initiates molecular signaling pathways that promote glucose uptake in cells and glycogen synthesis. Insulin binding to IR induces phosphorylation of intracellular tyrosine kinase domains and recruitment of multiple SH2 and SH3 domain-containing intracellular proteins that serve as signaling intermediates for pleiotropic effects of insulin. The human insulin receptor gene maps to chromosome 19p13.3-p13.2 and encodes a 1382 amino acid protein that cleaves to form α and β subunits. Type 1 diabetes is an auto-immune condition of the endocrine pancreas that results in destruction of insulin secreting cells and a progressive loss in insulin-sensitive glucose uptake by cells. Type 2 diabetes is a condition where cells become resistant to insulin action.