Phospho-GSK3 beta (S9) Recombinant Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody [SY02-71] (ET1607-60)

UNIPROT #

P49841

PROTEIN NAME

Phospho-GSK3 beta (S9)

SYNONYMS

Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 Beta antibody;Glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta antibody;GSK 3 beta antibody;GSK-3 beta antibody;GSK3B antibody;GSK3B_HUMAN antibody;GSK3beta isoform antibody;Serine/threonine-protein kinase GSK3B antibody

SEQUENCE SIMILARITIES

Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. CMGC Ser/Thr protein kinase family. GSK-3 subfamily.

TISSUE SPECIFICITY

Expressed in testis, thymus, prostate and ovary and weakly expressed in lung, brain and kidney. Colocalizes with EIF2AK2/PKR and TAU in the Alzheimer disease (AD) brain.

POST-TRANSLATIONAL MODIFICATION

Phosphorylated by AKT1 and ILK1. Upon insulin-mediated signaling, the activated PKB/AKT1 protein kinase phosphorylates and desactivates GSK3B, resulting in the dephosphorylation and activation of GYS1. Activated by phosphorylation at Tyr-216. Inactivated by phosphorylation at Ser-9 (Probable). Phosphorylated in a circadian manner in the hippocampus (By similarity).; Mono-ADP-ribosylation by PARP10 negatively regulates kinase activity.

SUBCELLULAR LOCATION

Cytoplasm, Nucleus, Cell membrane.

FUNCTION

Glycogen synthase kinase-3α (GSK-3α) and GSK-3β are highly similar isoforms of serine/ threonine kinases that regulate metabolic enzymes and transcription factors, which are responsible for coordinating processes such as glycogen synthesis and cell adhesion. GSK-3β activity is also required for nuclear activity of Rel dimers, which mediate an anti-apoptotic response to TNFα in mice. GSK-3 catalytic kinase activity is controlled through differential phosphorylation of serine/threonine residues, which have an inhibitory effect, and tyrosine residues, which have an activating effect. Growth factor stimulation of mammalian cells expressing GSK-3α and GSK-3β induces phosphorylation of Ser 21 and Ser 9, respectively, through a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI 3-K)-protein kinase B (PKB)-dependent pathway, thereby enhancing proliferative signals. Additionally, GSK-3 physically associates with cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA), which phosphorylates Ser 21 of GSK-3α or Ser 9 of GSK-3β and inactivates both forms. GSK-3α/β is positively regulated by phosphorylation on Tyr 279 and Tyr 216, respectively. Activated GSK-3α/β participates in energy metabolism, neuronal cell development, and body pattern formation. Tyrosine dephosphorylation of GSK-3 is involved in its extracellular signal-dependent inactivation.