Galactosylgalactosylxylosylprotein 3-beta-glucuronosyltransferase 1 (B3GAT1) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the B3GAT1 gene, whose enzymatic activity creates the CD57 epitope on other cell surface proteins. In immunology, the CD57 antigen (CD stands for cluster of differentiation) is also known as HNK1 (human natural killer-1) or LEU7. It is expressed as a carbohydrate epitope that contains a sulfoglucuronyl residue in several adhesion molecules of the nervous system. The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the glucuronyltransferase gene family. These enzymes exhibit strict acceptor specificity, recognizing nonreducing terminal sugars and their anomeric linkages. This gene product functions as the key enzyme in a glucuronyl transfer reaction during the biosynthesis of the carbohydrate epitope HNK-1 (human natural killer-1, also known as CD57 and LEU7). Alternate transcriptional splice variants have been characterized. In anatomical pathology, CD57 (immunostaining) is similar to CD56 for use in differentiating neuroendocrine tumors from others. There is an increase in the number of circulating CD57 positive cells in the blood of patients who have recently undergone organ or tissue transplants, especially of the bone marrow, and in patients with HIV.
Background References
1. Liu Y et al. Globose, cystic olfactory ensheathing cell tumor: A case report and literature review. Oncol Lett 12:3981-3986 (2016).
Sequence Similarity
Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 43 family.
Tissue Specificity
Mainly expressed in the brain.
Post-translational Modification
The soluble form derives from the membrane form by proteolytic processing.
Immunocytochemistry analysis of Hela cells labeling B3GAT1 with Rabbit anti-B3GAT1 antibody (ER1901-83) at 1/200 dilution.
Cells were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde for 10 minutes at 37 ℃, permeabilized with 0.05% Triton X-100 in PBS for 20 minutes, and then blocked with 2% negative goat serum for 30 minutes at room temperature. Cells were then incubated with Rabbit anti-B3GAT1 antibody (ER1901-83) at 1/200 dilution in 2% negative goat serum overnight at 4 ℃. Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (iFluor™ 488, HA1121) was used as the secondary antibody at 1/1,000 dilution. Nuclear DNA was labelled in blue with DAPI.
β-tubulin (M1305-2, red) was stained at 1/100 dilution overnight at +4℃. Goat Anti-Mouse IgG H&L (iFluor™ 674, HA1127) were used as the secondary antibody at 1/1,000 dilution.
ICC staining of B3GAT1 in F9 cells (green). Formalin fixed cells were permeabilized with 0.1% Triton X-100 in TBS for 10 minutes at room temperature and blocked with 10% negative goat serum for 15 minutes at room temperature. Cells were probed with the primary antibody (ER1901-83, 1/100) for 1 hour at room temperature, washed with PBS. Alexa Fluor®488 Goat anti-Rabbit IgG was used as the secondary antibody at 1/100 dilution. The nuclear counter stain is DAPI (blue).
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human brain tissue with Rabbit anti-B3GAT1 antibody (ER1901-83) at 1/1,000 dilution.
The section was pre-treated using heat mediated antigen retrieval with Tris-EDTA buffer (pH 9.0) for 20 minutes. The tissues were blocked in 1% BSA for 20 minutes at room temperature, washed with ddH2O and PBS, and then probed with the primary antibody (ER1901-83) at 1/1,000 dilution for 1 hour at room temperature. The detection was performed using an HRP conjugated compact polymer system. DAB was used as the chromogen. Tissues were counterstained with hematoxylin and mounted with DPX.
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded mouse brain tissue using anti-B3GAT1 antibody. The section was pre-treated using heat mediated antigen retrieval with Tris-EDTA buffer (pH 9.0) for 20 minutes.The tissues were blocked in 5% BSA for 30 minutes at room temperature, washed with ddH2O and PBS, and then probed with the primary antibody (ER1901-83, 1/100) for 30 minutes at room temperature. The detection was performed using an HRP conjugated compact polymer system. DAB was used as the chromogen. Tissues were counterstained with hematoxylin and mounted with DPX.
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded rat brain tissue using anti-B3GAT1 antibody. The section was pre-treated using heat mediated antigen retrieval with Tris-EDTA buffer (pH 9.0) for 20 minutes.The tissues were blocked in 5% BSA for 30 minutes at room temperature, washed with ddH2O and PBS, and then probed with the primary antibody (ER1901-83, 1/100) for 30 minutes at room temperature. The detection was performed using an HRP conjugated compact polymer system. DAB was used as the chromogen. Tissues were counterstained with hematoxylin and mounted with DPX.
Western blot analysis of B3GAT1 on different lysates with Rabbit anti-B3GAT1 antibody (ER1901-83) at 1/1,000 dilution.
Lane 1: Human brain tissue lysate
Lysates/proteins at 40 µg/Lane. Exposure time: 76 seconds; ECL: K1802
Blocking: 5% NFDM/TBST, 1 hour at room temperature Primary antibody: ER1901-83, 1/1,000 in primary antibody dilution buffer 5% NFDM/TBST, overnight at 4 ℃ Secondary antibody: Goat anti-Rabbit IgG-HRP (HA1001), 1/50,000 in 5% NFDM/TBST, 1 hour at room temperature
Predicted band size: 38.3 kDa Observed band size: 45 kDa
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