Cytochrome c oxidase (COX) functions as the terminal oxidase of the respiratory chain that uses cytochrome c as an electron donor to drive a proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane. The mammalian COX apoenzyme is a heteromer consisting of three mitochondrial encoded catalytic subunits and several nuclear gene encoded structural subunits. COX contains two iron-coordination sites and two copper-coordination sites. Cytochrome c oxidase IV (COX4) is a nuclear-encoded subunit of COX that may play a role in regulating COX activity. COX4 is expressed ubiquitously in adult human tissue with the strongest levels of expression in the pancreas and moderate expression levels in heart, skeletal muscle and placenta.
Background References
1. Sakakibara I et al. Six1 homeoprotein drives myofiber type IIA specialization in soleus muscle. Skelet Muscle 6:30 (2016).
2. Cheng CY et al. Electroacupuncture at different frequencies (5Hz and 25Hz) ameliorates cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats: possible involvement of p38 MAPK-mediated anti-apoptotic signaling pathways. BMC Complement Altern Med 15:241 (2015).
Western blot analysis of COX IV on different lysates with Rabbit anti-COX IV antibody (ET1701-63) at 1/1,000 dilution.
Lane 1: HeLa cell lysate (20 µg/Lane) Lane 2: HepG2 cell lysate (20 µg/Lane) Lane 3: Mouse heart tissue lysate (30 µg/Lane) Lane 4: Rat heart tissue lysate (30 µg/Lane)
Predicted band size: 20 kDa Observed band size: 15 kDa
Exposure time: 10 seconds; ECL: K1801;
4-20% SDS-PAGE gel.
Proteins were transferred to a PVDF membrane and blocked with 5% NFDM/TBST for 1 hour at room temperature. The primary antibody (ET1701-63) at 1/1,000 dilution was used in 5% NFDM/TBST at 4℃ overnight. Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG - HRP Secondary Antibody (HA1001) at 1/50,000 dilution was used for 1 hour at room temperature.
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human liver carcinoma tissue with Rabbit anti-COX IV antibody (ET1701-63) at 1/400 dilution.
The section was pre-treated using heat mediated antigen retrieval with Tris-EDTA buffer (pH 9.0) for 20 minutes. The tissues were blocked in 1% BSA for 20 minutes at room temperature, washed with ddH2O and PBS, and then probed with the primary antibody (ET1701-63) at 1/400 dilution for 1 hour at room temperature. The detection was performed using an HRP conjugated compact polymer system. DAB was used as the chromogen. Tissues were counterstained with hematoxylin and mounted with DPX.
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human kidney tissue with Rabbit anti-COX IV antibody (ET1701-63) at 1/800 dilution.
The section was pre-treated using heat mediated antigen retrieval with Tris-EDTA buffer (pH 9.0) for 20 minutes. The tissues were blocked in 1% BSA for 20 minutes at room temperature, washed with ddH2O and PBS, and then probed with the primary antibody (ET1701-63) at 1/800 dilution for 1 hour at room temperature. The detection was performed using an HRP conjugated compact polymer system. DAB was used as the chromogen. Tissues were counterstained with hematoxylin and mounted with DPX.
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded mouse heart tissue with Rabbit anti-COX IV antibody (ET1701-63) at 1/400 dilution.
The section was pre-treated using heat mediated antigen retrieval with Tris-EDTA buffer (pH 9.0) for 20 minutes. The tissues were blocked in 1% BSA for 20 minutes at room temperature, washed with ddH2O and PBS, and then probed with the primary antibody (ET1701-63) at 1/400 dilution for 1 hour at room temperature. The detection was performed using an HRP conjugated compact polymer system. DAB was used as the chromogen. Tissues were counterstained with hematoxylin and mounted with DPX.
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded rat heart tissue with Rabbit anti-COX IV antibody (ET1701-63) at 1/1,000 dilution.
The section was pre-treated using heat mediated antigen retrieval with Tris-EDTA buffer (pH 9.0) for 20 minutes. The tissues were blocked in 1% BSA for 20 minutes at room temperature, washed with ddH2O and PBS, and then probed with the primary antibody (ET1701-63) at 1/1,000 dilution for 1 hour at room temperature. The detection was performed using an HRP conjugated compact polymer system. DAB was used as the chromogen. Tissues were counterstained with hematoxylin and mounted with DPX.
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