Erk1/2 Mouse Monoclonal Antibody [2G1]

Function

Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways involve two closely related MAP kinases, known as extracellular-signal-related kinase 1 (ERK 1, p44) and 2 (ERK 2, p42). Growth factors, steroid hormones, G protein-coupled receptor ligands and neurotransmitters can initiate MAPK signaling pathways. Activation of ERK 1 and ERK 2 requires phosphorylation by upstream kinases such as MAP kinasekinase (MEK), MEK kinase and Raf-1. ERK 1 and ERK 2 phosphorylation can occur at specific tyrosine and threonine sites mapping within consensus motifs that include the threonine-glutamate-tyrosine motif. ERK activation leads to dimerization with other ERKs and subsequent localization to the nucleus. Active ERK dimers phosphorylate serine and threonine residues on nuclear proteins and influence a host of responses that include proliferation, differentiation, transcription regulation and development. The human ERK 1 gene maps to chromosome 16p12-p11.2 and encodes a 379 amino acid protein that shares 83% sequence identity to ERK 2.

Background References

1. Kaminski, K.A., et al. 2012. Interleukin 6 is not necessary for STAT3 phosphorylation and myocardial hypertrophy following short term β-adrenergic stimulation. Adv. Med. Sci. 57: 94-99.

2. Roland, H., et al. 2012. A combination of a ribonucleotide reductase inhibitor and histone deacetylase inhibitors downregulates EGFR and triggers BIM-dependent apoptosis in head and neck cancer. Oncotarget 3: 31-43.

Subcellular Location

Cytoplasm, Nucleus

UNIPROT

SwissProt: P28482 Human

Synonyms