Glycophorin A is the major intrinsic membrane protein of the erythrocyte. The N-terminal glycosylated segment, which lies outside the erythrocyte membrane, has MN blood group receptors. Appears to be important for the function of SLC4A1 and is required for high activity of SLC4A1. May be involved in translocation of SLC4A1 to the plasma membrane. Is a receptor for influenza virus. Is a receptor for Plasmodium falciparum erythrocyte-binding antigen 175 (EBA-175); binding of EBA-175 is dependent on sialic acid residues of the O-linked glycans. Appears to be a receptor for Hepatitis A virus (HAV).
Background References
1. Sim B.K et al. Receptor and ligand domains for invasion of erythrocytes by Plasmodium falciparum. Science 264:1941-1944 (1994).
2. Young M.T et al. Red-cell glycophorin A-band 3 interactions associated with the movement of band 3 to the cell surface. Biochem J 350:53-60 (2000).
Sequence Similarity
Belongs to the glycophorin A family.
Post-translational Modification
The major O-linked glycan are NeuAc-alpha-(2-3)-Gal-beta-(1-3)-[NeuAc-alpha-(2-6)]-GalNAcOH (about 78 %) and NeuAc-alpha-(2-3)-Gal-beta-(1-3)-GalNAcOH (17 %). Minor O-glycans (5 %) include NeuAc-alpha-(2-3)-Gal-beta-(1-3)-[NeuAc-alpha-(2-6)]-GalNAcOH NeuAc-alpha-(2-8)-NeuAc-alpha-(2-3)-Gal-beta-(1-3)-GalNAcOH. About 1% of all O-linked glycans carry blood group A, B and H determinants. They derive from a type-2 precursor core structure, Gal-beta-(1,3)-GlcNAc-beta-1-R, and the antigens are synthesized by addition of fucose (H antigen-specific) and then N-acetylgalactosamine (A antigen-specific) or galactose (B antigen-specific). Specifically O-linked-glycans are NeuAc-alpha-(2-3)-Gal-beta-(1-3)-GalNAcOH-(6-1)-GlcNAc-beta-(4-1)-[Fuc-alpha-(1-2)]-Gal-beta-(3-1)-GalNAc-alpha (about 1%, B antigen-specific) and NeuAc-alpha-(2-3)-Gal-beta-(1-3)-GalNAcOH-(6-1)-GlcNAc-beta-(4-1)-[Fuc-alpha-(1-2)]-Gal-beta (1 %, O antigen-, A antigen- and B antigen-specific).
Western blot analysis of Glycophorin A on human liver tissue lysate. Proteins were transferred to a PVDF membrane and blocked with 5% BSA in PBS for 1 hour at room temperature. The primary antibody was used at a 1/500 dilution in 5% BSA at room temperature for 2 hours. Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG - HRP Secondary Antibody (HA1001) at 1:5,000 dilution was used for 1 hour at room temperature.
ICC staining Glycophorin A in 293 cells (green). Formalin fixed cells were permeabilized with 0.1% Triton X-100 in TBS for 10 minutes at room temperature and blocked with 1% Blocker BSA for 15 minutes at room temperature. Cells were probed with the antibody (0806-7) at a dilution of 1/50 for 1 hour at room temperature, washed with PBS. Alexa Fluor™ 488 Goat anti-Rabbit IgG was used as the secondary antibody at 1/100 dilution. The nuclear counter stain is DAPI (blue).
ICC staining Glycophorin A in HepG2 cells (green). Formalin fixed cells were permeabilized with 0.1% Triton X-100 in TBS for 10 minutes at room temperature and blocked with 1% Blocker BSA for 15 minutes at room temperature. Cells were probed with the antibody (0806-7) at a dilution of 1/50 for 1 hour at room temperature, washed with PBS. Alexa Fluor™ 488 Goat anti-Rabbit IgG was used as the secondary antibody at 1/100 dilution. The nuclear counter stain is DAPI (blue).
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human lung tissue with Rabbit anti-Glycophorin A antibody (0806-7) at 1/1,000 dilution.
The section was pre-treated using heat mediated antigen retrieval with Tris-EDTA buffer (pH 9.0) for 20 minutes. The tissues were blocked in 1% BSA for 20 minutes at room temperature, washed with ddH2O and PBS, and then probed with the primary antibody (0806-7) at 1/1,000 dilution for 1 hour at room temperature. The detection was performed using an HRP conjugated compact polymer system. DAB was used as the chromogen. Tissues were counterstained with hematoxylin and mounted with DPX.
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human placenta tissue with Rabbit anti-Glycophorin A antibody (0806-7) at 1/1,000 dilution.
The section was pre-treated using heat mediated antigen retrieval with Tris-EDTA buffer (pH 9.0) for 20 minutes. The tissues were blocked in 1% BSA for 20 minutes at room temperature, washed with ddH2O and PBS, and then probed with the primary antibody (0806-7) at 1/1,000 dilution for 1 hour at room temperature. The detection was performed using an HRP conjugated compact polymer system. DAB was used as the chromogen. Tissues were counterstained with hematoxylin and mounted with DPX.
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human spleen tissue using anti-Glycophorin A antibody. The section was pre-treated using heat mediated antigen retrieval with Tris-EDTA buffer (pH 8.0-8.4) for 20 minutes.The tissues were blocked in 5% BSA for 30 minutes at room temperature, washed with ddH2O and PBS, and then probed with the antibody (0806-7) at 1/200 dilution, for 30 minutes at room temperature and detected using an HRP conjugated compact polymer system. DAB was used as the chromogen. Counter stained with hematoxylin and mounted with DPX.
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human kidney tissue using anti-Glycophorin A antibody. The section was pre-treated using heat mediated antigen retrieval with Tris-EDTA buffer (pH 8.0-8.4) for 20 minutes.The tissues were blocked in 5% BSA for 30 minutes at room temperature, washed with ddH2O and PBS, and then probed with the antibody (0806-7) at 1/200 dilution, for 30 minutes at room temperature and detected using an HRP conjugated compact polymer system. DAB was used as the chromogen. Counter stained with hematoxylin and mounted with DPX.
Flow cytometric analysis of Glycophorin A was done on K562 cells. The cells were fixed, permeabilized and stained with Glycophorin A antibody at 1/100 dilution (red) compared with an unlabelled control (cells without incubation with primary antibody; black). After incubation of the primary antibody on room temperature for an hour, the cells was stained with a Alexa Fluor™ 488-conjugated goat anti-Rabbit IgG Secondary antibody at 1/500 dilution for 30 minutes.
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