In the intact cell, DNA closely associates with histones and other nuclear proteins to form chromatin. The remodeling of chromatin is believed to be a critical component of transcriptional regulation and a major source of this remodeling is brought about by the acetylation of nucleosomal histones. Acetylation of lysine residues in the amino terminal tail domain of histone results in an allosteric change in the nucleosomal conformation and an increased accessibility to transcription factors by DNA. Conversely, the deacetylation of histones is associated with transcriptional silencing. Several mammalian proteins have been identified as nuclear histone acetylases, including GCN5, PCAF (for p300/CBP-associated factor), p300/CBP and the TFIID subunit TAF II p250. Mammalian HDAC1 (also designated HD1) and HDAC2 (also designated mammalian RPD3), both of which are related to the yeast transcriptional regulator Rpd3p, have been identified as histone deacetylases.
Background References
1. Mould AW et al. Blimp1/Prdm1 Functions in Opposition to Irf1 to Maintain Neonatal Tolerance during Postnatal Intestinal Maturation. PLoS Genet 11:e1005375 (2015).
2. Liu J et al. MTA1 regulates higher-order chromatin structure and histone H1-chromatin interaction in-vivo. Mol Oncol 9:218-35 (2015).
Sequence Similarity
Belongs to the histone deacetylase family. HD type 1 subfamily.
Tissue Specificity
Widely expressed; lower levels in brain and lung.
Post-translational Modification
S-nitrosylated by GAPDH. In neurons, S-Nitrosylation at Cys-262 and Cys-274 does not affect the enzyme activity but abolishes chromatin-binding, leading to increases acetylation of histones and activate genes that are associated with neuronal development. In embryonic cortical neurons, S-Nitrosylation regulates dendritic growth and branching.
Western blot analysis of HDAC2 on different lysates with Rabbit anti-HDAC2 antibody (ET1612-50) at 1/2,000 dilution.
Lane 1: HeLa cell lysate Lane 2: HEK-293 cell lysate Lane 3: MCF7 cell lysate Lane 4: Jurkat cell lysate Lane 5: L-929 cell lysate Lane 6: C6 cell lysate Lane 7: PC-12 cell lysate
Lysates/proteins at 15 µg/Lane.
Predicted band size: 55 kDa Observed band size: 55 kDa
Exposure time: 1 minute 50 seconds;
4-20% SDS-PAGE gel.
Proteins were transferred to a PVDF membrane and blocked with 5% NFDM/TBST for 1 hour at room temperature. The primary antibody (ET1612-50) at 1/2,000 dilution was used in 5% NFDM/TBST at 4℃ overnight. Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG - HRP Secondary Antibody (HA1001) at 1/50,000 dilution was used for 1 hour at room temperature.
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human tonsil tissue with Rabbit anti-HDAC2 antibody (ET1612-50) at 1/200 dilution.
The section was pre-treated using heat mediated antigen retrieval with sodium citrate buffer (pH 6.0) (high pressure) for 2 minutes. The tissues were blocked in 1% BSA for 20 minutes at room temperature, washed with ddH2O and PBS, and then probed with the primary antibody (ET1612-50) at 1/200 dilution for 1 hour at room temperature. The detection was performed using an HRP conjugated compact polymer system. DAB was used as the chromogen. Tissues were counterstained with hematoxylin and mounted with DPX.
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human thyroid tissue with Rabbit anti-HDAC2 antibody (ET1612-50) at 1/200 dilution.
The section was pre-treated using heat mediated antigen retrieval with sodium citrate buffer (pH 6.0) (high pressure) for 2 minutes. The tissues were blocked in 1% BSA for 20 minutes at room temperature, washed with ddH2O and PBS, and then probed with the primary antibody (ET1612-50) at 1/200 dilution for 1 hour at room temperature. The detection was performed using an HRP conjugated compact polymer system. DAB was used as the chromogen. Tissues were counterstained with hematoxylin and mounted with DPX.
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human colon carcinoma tissue with Rabbit anti-HDAC2 antibody (ET1612-50) at 1/200 dilution.
The section was pre-treated using heat mediated antigen retrieval with sodium citrate buffer (pH 6.0) (high pressure) for 2 minutes. The tissues were blocked in 1% BSA for 20 minutes at room temperature, washed with ddH2O and PBS, and then probed with the primary antibody (ET1612-50) at 1/200 dilution for 1 hour at room temperature. The detection was performed using an HRP conjugated compact polymer system. DAB was used as the chromogen. Tissues were counterstained with hematoxylin and mounted with DPX.
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human breast carcinoma tissue with Rabbit anti-HDAC2 antibody (ET1612-50) at 1/200 dilution.
The section was pre-treated using heat mediated antigen retrieval with sodium citrate buffer (pH 6.0) (high pressure) for 2 minutes. The tissues were blocked in 1% BSA for 20 minutes at room temperature, washed with ddH2O and PBS, and then probed with the primary antibody (ET1612-50) at 1/200 dilution for 1 hour at room temperature. The detection was performed using an HRP conjugated compact polymer system. DAB was used as the chromogen. Tissues were counterstained with hematoxylin and mounted with DPX.
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded mouse hippocampus tissue with Rabbit anti-HDAC2 antibody (ET1612-50) at 1/400 dilution.
The section was pre-treated using heat mediated antigen retrieval with sodium citrate buffer (pH 6.0) (high pressure) for 2 minutes. The tissues were blocked in 1% BSA for 20 minutes at room temperature, washed with ddH2O and PBS, and then probed with the primary antibody (ET1612-50) at 1/400 dilution for 1 hour at room temperature. The detection was performed using an HRP conjugated compact polymer system. DAB was used as the chromogen. Tissues were counterstained with hematoxylin and mounted with DPX.
Flow cytometric analysis of HeLa cells labeling HDAC2.
Cells were fixed and permeabilized. Then stained with the primary antibody (ET1612-50, 1μg/mL) (red) compared with Rabbit IgG Isotype Control (green). After incubation of the primary antibody at +4℃ for an hour, the cells were stained with a iFluor™ 488 conjugate-Goat anti-Rabbit IgG Secondary antibody (HA1121) at 1/1,000 dilution for 30 minutes at +4℃. Unlabelled sample was used as a control (cells without incubation with primary antibody; black).
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