Programmed cell death 1 ligand 2 (also known as PD-L2, B7-DC) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PDCD1LG2 gene. PDCD1LG2 has also been designated as CD273 (cluster of differentiation 273). PDCD1LG2 is an immune checkpoint receptor ligand which plays a role in negative regulation of the adaptive immune response. PD-L2 is one of two known ligands for Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1). PD-L2 binds to its receptor PD-1 with dissociation constant Kd of 11.3 nM. Binding to PD-1 can activate pathways inhibiting TCR/BCR-mediated immune cell activation (for a more detailed discussion see PD-1 signaling). PD-L2 plays an important role in immune tolerance and autoimmunity. Both PD-L1 and PD-L2 can inhibit T cell proliferation and inflammatory cytokine production. Blocking PD-L2 has been shown to exacerbate experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Unlike PD-L1, PD-L2 has been shown activate the immune system. PD-L2 triggers IL-12 production in murine dendritic cells leading to T cell activation. Others have shown that treatment with PD-L2 Ig led to T helper cell proliferation.
Background References
1. Park JS et al. Targeting PD-L2-RGMb overcomes microbiome-related immunotherapy resistance. Nature. 2023 May
2. Fan Z et al. The generation of PD-L1 and PD-L2 in cancer cells: From nuclear chromatin reorganization to extracellular presentation. Acta Pharm Sin B. 2022 Mar
Western blot analysis of PD-L2 on different lysates with Mouse anti-PD-L2 antibody (HA601331) at 1/1,000 dilution.
Lane 1: Saos-2 cell lysate (hot lysis) Lane 2: Jurkat cell lysate (negative) Lane 3: MG-63 cell lysate (hot lysis)
Lysates/proteins at 20 µg/Lane.
Predicted band size: 31 kDa Observed band size: 50 kDa
Exposure time: Lane 1-2: 1 minute; Lane 3: 2 minutes; ECL: K1802; 4-20% SDS-PAGE gel.
Proteins were transferred to a PVDF membrane and blocked with 5% NFDM/TBST for 1 hour at room temperature. The primary antibody (HA601331) at 1/1,000 dilution was used in 5% NFDM/TBST at 4℃ overnight. Goat Anti-Mouse IgG - HRP Secondary Antibody (HA1006) at 1/50,000 dilution was used for 1 hour at room temperature.
☑ Relative expression (RE)
Immunocytochemistry analysis of HDLM-2 (positive) and Jurkat (negative) labeling PD-L2 with Mouse anti-PD-L2 antibody (HA601331) at 1/100 dilution.
Cells were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde for 20 minutes at room temperature, permeabilized with 0.1% Triton X-100 in PBS for 5 minutes at room temperature, then blocked with 1% BSA in 10% negative goat serum for 1 hour at room temperature. Cells were then incubated with Mouse anti-PD-L2 antibody (HA601331) at 1/100 dilution in 1% BSA in PBST overnight at 4 ℃. Goat Anti-Mouse IgG H&L (iFluor™ 488, HA1125) was used as the secondary antibody at 1/1,000 dilution. PBS instead of the primary antibody was used as the secondary antibody only control. Nuclear DNA was labelled in blue with DAPI.
beta Tubulin (ET1602-4, red) was stained at 1/100 dilution overnight at +4℃. Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (iFluor™ 594, HA1122) were used as the secondary antibody at 1/1,000 dilution.
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