Coronaviruses are enveloped viruses with a positive-sense RNA genome and with a nucleocapsid of helical symmetry. Coronavirus nucleoproteins localize to the cytoplasm and the nucleolus, a subnuclear structure, in both virus-infected primary cells and in cells transfected with plasmids that express N protein. Coronavirus N protein is required for coronavirus RNA synthesis, and has RNA chaperone activity that may be involved in template switch. Nucleocapsid protein is a most abundant protein of coronavirus. During virion assembly, N protein binds to viral RNA and leads to formation of the helical nucleocapsid. Nucleocapsid protein is a highly immunogenic phosphoprotein also implicated in viral genome replication and in modulating cell signaling pathways. Because of the conservation of N protein sequence and its strong immunogenicity, the N protein of coronavirus is chosen as a diagnostic tool.
Background References
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Sequence Similarity
Belongs to the betacoronavirus nucleocapsid protein family.
Post-translational Modification
ADP-ribosylated. The ADP-ribosylation is retained in the virion during infection.; Phosphorylated on serine and threonine residues.
The binding activity of EM1902-21 with SARS-CoV-2 Recombinant Nucleocapsid protein. Immobilized SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein at 1 μg/ml overnight at 4℃. Then blocked with 1% BSA for 1 hour at 37℃, and incubated with the primary antibody (EM1902-21) for 1 hour at 25℃. The EC50 of EM1902-21 is 271.3 ng/ml.
Western blot analysis of EM1902-21 with N-terminal His tag-tagged SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid protein (1) and Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 lysate (2) at 20ng. Proteins were transferred to a PVDF membrane and blocked with 5% BSA in PBS for 1 hour at room temperature. The primary antibody (EM1902-21, 1/500) was used in 5% BSA at room temperature for 2 hours. Goat Anti-Mouse IgG - HRP Secondary Antibody (HA1006) at 1:20,000 dilution was used for 1 hour at room temperature.
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