Beta Catenin Rabbit Polyclonal Antibody

Function

Key downstream component of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway In the absence of Wnt, forms a complex with AXIN1, AXIN2, APC, CSNK1A1 and GSK3B that promotes phosphorylation on N-terminal Ser and Thr residues and ubiquitination of CTNNB1 via BTRC and its subsequent degradation by the proteasome. In the presence of Wnt ligand, CTNNB1 is not ubiquitinated and accumulates in the nucleus, where it acts as a coactivator for transcription factors of the TCF/LEF family, leading to activate Wnt responsive genes Involved in the regulation of cell adhesion, as component of an E-cadherin:catenin adhesion complex. Acts as a negative regulator of centrosome cohesion. Involved in the CDK2/PTPN6/CTNNB1/CEACAM1 pathway of insulin internalization. Blocks anoikis of malignant kidney and intestinal epithelial cells and promotes their anchorage-independent growth by down-regulating DAPK2. Disrupts PML function and PML-NB formation by inhibiting RANBP2-mediated sumoylation of PML. Promotes neurogenesis by maintaining sympathetic neuroblasts within the cell cycle. Involved in chondrocyte differentiation via interaction with SOX9: SOX9-binding competes with the binding sites of TCF/LEF within CTNNB1, thereby inhibiting the Wnt signaling.

Background References

1. Kikuchi A.;"Regulation of beta-catenin signaling in the Wnt pathway."; Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 268:243-248(2000).

2. Dobrosotskaya I.Y., James G.L.; "MAGI-1 interacts with beta-catenin and is associated with cell-cell adhesion structures."; Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 270:903-909(2000).

3. Kim J.-S., Crooks H., Dracheva T., Nishanian T.G., Singh B., Jen J., Waldman T.; "Oncogenic beta-catenin is required for bone morphogenetic protein 4 expression in human cancer cells."; Cancer Res. 62:2744-2748(2002).

Sequence Similarity

Belongs to the beta-catenin family.

Tissue Specificity

Expressed in cerebellar granule neurons (at protein level).

Post-translational Modification

Phosphorylation by GSK3B requires prior phosphorylation of Ser-45 by another kinase. Phosphorylation proceeds then from Thr-41 to Ser-33. Phosphorylated by NEK2. EGF stimulates tyrosine phosphorylation. Phosphorylation on Tyr-654 decreases CDH1 binding and enhances TBP binding (By similarity). Phosphorylated on Ser-33 and Ser-37 by HIPK2. This phosphorylation triggers proteasomal degradation. Phosphorylation at Ser-552 by AMPK promotes stabilizion of the protein, enhancing TCF/LEF-mediated transcription. Phosphorylation on Ser-191 and Ser-246 by CDK5. Phosphorylation by CDK2 regulates insulin internalization (By similarity). Phosphorylation by PTK6 at Tyr-64, Tyr-142, Tyr-331 and/or Tyr-333 with the predominant site at Tyr-64 is not essential for inhibition of transcriptional activity (By similarity).; Ubiquitinated by the SCF(BTRC) E3 ligase complex when phosphorylated by GSK3B, leading to its degradation (By similarity). Ubiquitinated by a E3 ubiquitin ligase complex containing UBE2D1, SIAH1, CACYBP/SIP, SKP1, APC and TBL1X, leading to its subsequent proteasomal degradation (By similarity). Ubiquitinated and degraded following interaction with SOX9 (Probable).; S-nitrosylation at Cys-619 within adherens junctions promotes VEGF-induced, NO-dependent endothelial cell permeability by disrupting interaction with E-cadherin, thus mediating disassembly adherens junctions.; O-glycosylation at Ser-23 decreases nuclear localization and transcriptional activity, and increases localization to the plasma membrane and interaction with E-cadherin CDH1.; Deacetylated at Lys-49 by SIRT1.

Subcellular Location

Cell membrane, Synapse, Cell junction, Cytoplasm, Nucleus, Cytoskeleton.

UNIPROT

SwissProt: P35222 Human

SwissProt: Q02248 Mouse

SwissProt: Q9WU82 Rat

Synonyms