Phospho-GSK3 (alpha+beta) (SK3 alpha (Y216) + SK3 beta (Y279)) Recombinant Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody [SY26-05] (ET1607-54)

UNIPROT #

P49840

PROTEIN NAME

Phospho-GSK3 (alpha+beta) (SK3 alpha (Y216) + SK3 beta (Y279))

SYNONYMS

Factor A antibody;Glycogen synthase kinase 3 alpha antibody;Glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta antibody;GSK3 alpha antibody;GSK3 beta antibody;GSK3B antibody

SEQUENCE SIMILARITIES

Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. CMGC Ser/Thr protein kinase family. GSK-3 subfamily.

POST-TRANSLATIONAL MODIFICATION

Phosphorylated by AKT1 at Ser-21: upon insulin-mediated signaling, the activated PKB/AKT1 protein kinase phosphorylates and desactivates GSK3A, resulting in the dephosphorylation and activation of GYS1. Activated by phosphorylation at Tyr-279.

SUBCELLULAR LOCATION

Cytoplasm, Nucleus, Cell membrane.

FUNCTION

Glycogen synthase kinase-3α (GSK-3α) and GSK-3β are highly similar isoforms of serine/ threonine kinases that regulate metabolic enzymes and transcription factors, which are responsible for coordinating processes such as glycogen synthesis and cell adhesion. GSK-3β activity is also required for nuclear activity of Rel dimers, which mediate an anti-apoptotic response to TNFα in mice. GSK-3 catalytic kinase activity is controlled through differential phosphorylation of serine/threonine residues, which have an inhibitory effect, and tyrosine residues, which have an activating effect. Growth factor stimulation of mammalian cells expressing GSK-3α and GSK-3β induces phosphorylation of Ser 21 and Ser 9, respectively, through a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI 3-K)-protein kinase B (PKB)-dependent pathway, thereby enhancing proliferative signals. Additionally, GSK-3 physically associates with cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA), which phosphorylates Ser 21 of GSK-3α or Ser 9 of GSK-3β and inactivates both forms. GSK-3α/β is positively regulated by phosphorylation on Tyr 279 and Tyr 216, respectively. Activated GSK-3α/β participates in energy metabolism, neuronal cell development, and body pattern formation. Tyrosine dephosphorylation of GSK-3 is involved in its extracellular signal-dependent inactivation.