PSMA Rabbit Polyclonal Antibody

Function

Prostate cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer and the early detection of prostate cancer dramatically and efficiently reduces the observed mortality rate. Several proteins have been identified as specific markers of prostate cancer, and they may be useful as diagnostic indicators. PSA, prostate specific antigen, is the classical indicator for transformed prostate tissue; however, in addition to being upregulated in prostate cancer, PSA is also upregulated in non-malignant conditions, such as benign prostatic hyperplasia prostate. Conversely, STEAP (six-transmembrane epithelial antigen of the prostate), prostate carcinoma tumor antigen (PCTA-1) and prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSM) represent additional prostate-specific antigens that are overexpressed only in malignant tumors and therefore are more specific identifiers of malignancies. PSM is an integral membrane protein, and PCTA-1 is related to the galectin gene family, which mediate both cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions in a manner similar to the selectin subgroup of C-type lectins. STEAP is a serpentine transmembrane cell-surface tumor-antigen that is predicted to functions as a channel or transporter protein.

Background References

1. Mesters J R et al. Human glutamate carboxypeptidase II inhibition: structures of GCPII in complex with two potent inhibitors, quisqualate and 2-PMPA. Acta Crystallogr D 63:508-513 (2007).

2. O\'Keefe D S et al. Mapping, genomic organization and promoter analysis of the human prostate-specific membrane antigen gene. Biochim Biophys Acta 1443: 113-127 (1998).

Sequence Similarity

Belongs to the peptidase M28 family. M28B subfamily.

Tissue Specificity

Highly expressed in prostate epithelium. Detected in urinary bladder, kidney, testis, ovary, fallopian tube, breast, adrenal gland, liver, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, colon and brain (at protein level). Detected in the small intestine, brain, kidney, liver, spleen, colon, trachea, spinal cord and the capillary endothelium of a variety of tumors. Expressed specifically in jejunum brush border membranes. In the brain, highly expressed in the ventral striatum and brain stem. Also expressed in fetal liver and kidney. Isoform PSMA' is the most abundant form in normal prostate. Isoform PSMA-1 is the most abundant form in primary prostate tumors. Isoform PSMA-3 is also found in normal prostate as well as in brain and liver. Isoform PSMA-9 is specifically expressed in prostate cancer.

Post-translational Modification

The first two amino acids at the N-terminus of isoform PSMA' appear to be cleaved by limited proteolysis.; The N-terminus is blocked.

Subcellular Location

Cytoplasm, Cell membrane.

UNIPROT

SwissProt: Q04609 Human

SwissProt: O35409 Mouse

SwissProt: P70627 Rat

Synonyms