Lymphotoxin-alpha (LTA), a member of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) family of cytokines, was initially isolated on the basis of an anti-tumor activity. LTA plays a key role in communication between lymphocytes and stromal cells, thereby eliciting cytotoxic effects on cancer cells. It induces the expression of vascular cell-adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM1) on vascular endothelial cells and recruits natural killer (NK) cells to parenchymal organs and tumor lesions.
Background References
1. Gray PW, Aggarwal BB , Benton CV , et al . Cloning and expression of cDNA for human lymphotoxin, a lymphokine with tumor necrosis activity [J ] . Nat ure , 1984 , 312 (20) : 723 - 724.
2. Kobayashi Y., Miyamoto D., Asada M., Obinata M., Osawa T.; "Cloning and expression of human lymphotoxin mRNA derived from a human T cell hybridoma."; J. Biochem. 100:727-733(1986).
3. Messer G., Spengler U., et al. "Polymorphic structure of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) locus: an NcoI polymorphism in the first intron of the human TNF-beta gene correlates with a variant amino acid in position 26 and a reduced level of TNF-beta production."; J. Exp. Med. 173:209-219(1991).
Western blot analysis of LT-alpha (C-term) on different lysates with Rabbit anti-LT-alpha (C-term) antibody (0807-6) at 1/2,000 dilution.
Lane 1: Ramos cell lysate Lane 2: Mouse skeletal muscle tissue lysate (negative) Lane 3: Mouse spleen tissue lysate Lane 4: Rat spleen tissue lysate
Lysates/proteins at 20 µg/Lane.
Predicted band size: 22 kDa Observed band size: 26 kDa
Exposure time: 30 seconds; ECL: K1801;
4-20% SDS-PAGE gel.
Proteins were transferred to a PVDF membrane and blocked with 5% NFDM/TBST for 1 hour at room temperature. The primary antibody (0807-6) at 1/2,000 dilution was used in 5% NFDM/TBST at 4℃ overnight. Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG - HRP Secondary Antibody (HA1001) at 1/50,000 dilution was used for 1 hour at room temperature.
Western blot analysis of LT-alpha (C-term) on recombinant Human LTA protein (HA210742) with Rabbit anti-LT-alpha (C-term) antibody (0807-6) at 1/2,000 dilution.
Lysates/proteins at 50 ng/Lane.
Exposure time: 1 minute 2 seconds;
4-20% SDS-PAGE gel.
Proteins were transferred to a PVDF membrane and blocked with 5% NFDM/TBST for 1 hour at room temperature. The primary antibody (0807-6) at 1/2,000 dilution was used in 5% NFDM/TBST at 4℃ overnight. Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG - HRP Secondary Antibody (HA1001) at 1/50,000 dilution was used for 1 hour at room temperature.
Immunocytochemistry analysis of Ramos cells labeling LT-alpha (C-term) with Rabbit anti-LT-alpha (C-term) antibody (0807-6) at 1/100 dilution.
Cells were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde for 15 minutes at room temperature, permeabilized with 0.1% Triton X-100 in PBS for 15 minutes at room temperature, then blocked with 1% BSA in 10% negative goat serum for 1 hour at room temperature. Cells were then incubated with Rabbit anti-LT-alpha (C-term) antibody (0807-6) at 1/100 dilution in 1% BSA in PBST overnight at 4 ℃. Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (iFluor™ 488, HA1121) was used as the secondary antibody at 1/1,000 dilution. PBS instead of the primary antibody was used as the secondary antibody only control. Nuclear DNA was labelled in blue with DAPI.
Beta tubulin (HA601187, red) was stained at 1/100 dilution overnight at +4℃. Goat Anti-Mouse IgG H&L (iFluor™ 594, HA1126) was used as the secondary antibody at 1/1,000 dilution.
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