CD163 Mouse Monoclonal Antibody [A3B5]

Function

Acute phase-regulated receptor involved in clearance and endocytosis of hemoglobin/haptoglobin complexes by macrophages and may thereby protect tissues from free hemoglobin-mediated oxidative damage. Exhibits a higher affinity for complexes of hemoglobin and multimeric haptoglobin of HP*1F phenotype than for complexes of hemoglobin and dimeric haptoglobin of HP*1S phenotype. Induces a cascade of intracellular signals that involves tyrosine kinase-dependent calcium mobilization, inositol triphosphate production and secretion of IL6 and CSF1. After shedding, the soluble form (sCD163) may play an anti-inflammatory role, and may be a valuable diagnostic parameter for monitoring macrophage activation in inflammatory conditions. Intravenous lipopolysaccharide (LPS) produces a rapid rise of sCD163 in plasma of patient as it induces metalloproteinase-mediated shedding from monocytes surface. The soluble form (sCD163) in plasma is a novel parameter in diseases affecting macrophage function and monocyte/macrophage load in the body. The concentration of sCD163 is probably reflecting the number of macrophages of the 'alternative macrophage activation' phenotype with a high CD163 expression playing a major role in dampening the inflammatory response and scavenging components of damaged cells. This has initiated a number of clinical studies for evaluation of sCD163 as a disease marker in inflammatory conditions e.g. infection, autoimmune disease, transplantation, atherosclerosis and cancer.

Background References

1. Akila P. et. al. Retraction Notice to "CD163 AND ITS EXPANDING FUNCTIONAL REPERTOIRE". Clin Chim Acta. 2018 Dec.

2. Yang H. et. al. Identification of CD163 as an antiinflammatory receptor for HMGB1-haptoglobin complexes. JCI Insight. 2018 Dec.

Tissue Specificity

Expressed in monocytes and mature macrophages such as Kupffer cells in the liver, red pulp macrophages in the spleen, cortical macrophages in the thymus, resident bone marrow macrophages and meningeal macrophages of the central nervous system. Expressed also in blood. Isoform 1 is the lowest abundant in the blood. Isoform 2 is the lowest abundant in the liver and the spleen. Isoform 3 is the predominant isoform detected in the blood.

Post-translational Modification

A soluble form (sCD163) is produced by proteolytic shedding which can be induced by lipopolysaccharide, phorbol ester and Fc region of immunoglobulin gamma. This cleavage is dependent on protein kinase C and tyrosine kinases and can be blocked by protease inhibitors. The shedding is inhibited by the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase TIMP3, and thus probably induced by membrane-bound metalloproteinases ADAMs.; Phosphorylated.

Subcellular Location

Secreted, cell membrane.

UNIPROT

SwissProt: Q86VB7 Human

Synonyms