Calcium/calmodulin-dependent serine/threonine kinase involved in multiple cellular signaling pathways that trigger cell survival, apoptosis, and autophagy. Regulates both type I apoptotic and type II autophagic cell deaths signal, depending on the cellular setting. The former is caspase-dependent, while the latter is caspase-independent and is characterized by the accumulation of autophagic vesicles. Phosphorylates PIN1 resulting in inhibition of its catalytic activity, nuclear localization, and cellular function. Phosphorylates TPM1, enhancing stress fiber formation in endothelial cells. Phosphorylates STX1A and significantly decreases its binding to STXBP1. Phosphorylates PRKD1 and regulates JNK signaling by binding and activating PRKD1 under oxidative stress. Phosphorylates BECN1, reducing its interaction with BCL2 and BCL2L1 and promoting the induction of autophagy. Phosphorylates TSC2, disrupting the TSC1-TSC2 complex and stimulating mTORC1 activity in a growth factor-dependent pathway. Phosphorylates RPS6, MYL9 and DAPK3. Acts as a signaling amplifier of NMDA receptors at extrasynaptic sites for mediating brain damage in stroke. Cerebral ischemia recruits DAPK1 into the NMDA receptor complex and it phosphorylates GRINB at Ser-1303 inducing injurious Ca2+ influx through NMDA receptor channels, resulting in an irreversible neuronal death. Required together with DAPK3 for phosphorylation of RPL13A upon interferon-gamma activation which is causing RPL13A involvement in transcript-selective translation inhibition.
Background References
1. Shohat G et al. The pro-apoptotic function of death-associated protein kinase is controlled by a unique inhibitory autophosphorylation-based mechanism. J Biol Chem 276:47460-47467 (2001).
2. Llambi F et al. The dependence receptor UNC5H2 mediates apoptosis through DAP-kinase. EMBO J 24:1192-1201 (2005).
Sequence Similarity
Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. CAMK Ser/Thr protein kinase family. DAP kinase subfamily.
Tissue Specificity
Isoform 2 is expressed in normal intestinal tissue as well as in colorectal carcinomas.
Post-translational Modification
Ubiquitinated by the BCR(KLHL20) E3 ubiquitin ligase complex, leading to its degradation by the proteasome.; Removal of the C-terminal tail of isoform 2 (corresponding to amino acids 296-337 of isoform 2) by proteolytic cleavage stimulates maximally its membrane-blebbing function.; In response to mitogenic stimulation (PMA or EGF), phosphorylated at Ser-289; phosphorylation suppresses DAPK1 pro-apoptotic function. Autophosphorylation at Ser-308 inhibits its catalytic activity. Phosphorylation at Ser-734 by MAPK1 increases its catalytic activity and promotes cytoplasmic retention of MAPK1. Endoplasmic-stress can cause dephosphorylation at Ser-308.
Western blot analysis of DAP Kinase 1 on different lysates with Mouse anti-DAP Kinase 1 antibody (EM1801-15) at 1/1,000 dilution.
Lane 1: A549 (Human lung adenocarcinoma cell) cell lysate Lane 2: TF-1 (Human erythroleukemia cell) cell lysate
Lysates/proteins at 30 µg/Lane. Exposure time: 120 seconds; ECL: K1802
Blocking: 5% NFDM/TBST, 1 hour at room temperature Primary antibody: EM1801-15, 1/5,000 in primary antibody dilution buffer (K1803), overnight at 4 ℃ Secondary antibody: Goat anti-Mouse IgG-HRP (HA1006), 1/50,000 in 5% NFDM/TBST, 1 hour at room temperature
Predicted band size: 160 kDa Observed band size: 160 kDa
☑ Knockdown (KD)
Western blot analysis of DAP Kinase 1 on different lysates with Mouse anti-DAP Kinase 1 antibody (EM1801-15) at 1/1,000 dilution.
Lane 1: HAP1-parental cell lysate Lane 2: HAP1-DAP Kinase 1 KD cell lysate
Lysates/proteins at 10 µg/Lane.
Predicted band size: 150 kDa Observed band size: 150 kDa
Exposure time: 15 seconds; ECL: K1802;
4-20% SDS-PAGE gel.
Proteins were transferred to a PVDF membrane and blocked with 5% NFDM/TBST for 1 hour at room temperature. The primary antibody (EM1801-15) at 1/1,000 dilution was used in K1803 at 4℃ overnight. Goat Anti-Mouse IgG - HRP Secondary Antibody (HA1006) at 1/50,000 dilution was used for 1 hour at room temperature.
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded rat lung tissue using anti-DAP Kinase 1 antibody. The section was pre-treated using heat mediated antigen retrieval with Tris-EDTA buffer (pH 8.0-8.4) for 20 minutes.The tissues were blocked in 5% BSA for 30 minutes at room temperature, washed with ddH2O and PBS, and then probed with the antibody (EM1801-15) at 1/50 dilution, for 30 minutes at room temperature and detected using an HRP conjugated compact polymer system. DAB was used as the chrogen. Counter stained with hematoxylin and mounted with DPX.
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human lung cancer tissue using anti-DAP Kinase 1 antibody. The section was pre-treated using heat mediated antigen retrieval with Tris-EDTA buffer (pH 8.0-8.4) for 20 minutes.The tissues were blocked in 5% BSA for 30 minutes at room temperature, washed with ddH2O and PBS, and then probed with the antibody (EM1801-15) at 1/200 dilution, for 30 minutes at room temperature and detected using an HRP conjugated compact polymer system. DAB was used as the chrogen. Counter stained with hematoxylin and mounted with DPX.
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human skin tissue using anti-DAP Kinase 1 antibody. The section was pre-treated using heat mediated antigen retrieval with Tris-EDTA buffer (pH 8.0-8.4) for 20 minutes.The tissues were blocked in 5% BSA for 30 minutes at room temperature, washed with ddH2O and PBS, and then probed with the antibody (EM1801-15) at 1/200 dilution, for 30 minutes at room temperature and detected using an HRP conjugated compact polymer system. DAB was used as the chrogen. Counter stained with hematoxylin and mounted with DPX.
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded mouse liver tissue using anti-DAP Kinase 1 antibody. The section was pre-treated using heat mediated antigen retrieval with Tris-EDTA buffer (pH 8.0-8.4) for 20 minutes.The tissues were blocked in 5% BSA for 30 minutes at room temperature, washed with ddH2O and PBS, and then probed with the antibody (EM1801-15) at 1/50 dilution, for 30 minutes at room temperature and detected using an HRP conjugated compact polymer system. DAB was used as the chrogen. Counter stained with hematoxylin and mounted with DPX.
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