macroH2A.1 Rabbit Polyclonal Antibody

Function

Variant histone H2A which replaces conventional H2A in a subset of nucleosomes where it represses transcription. Nucleosomes wrap and compact DNA into chromatin, limiting DNA accessibility to the cellular machineries which require DNA as a template. Histones thereby play a central role in transcription regulation, DNA repair, DNA replication and chromosomal stability. DNA accessibility is regulated via a complex set of post-translational modifications of histones, also called histone code, and nucleosome remodeling. Involved in stable X chromosome inactivation. Inhibits the binding of transcription factors, including NF-kappa-B, and interferes with the activity of remodeling SWI/SNF complexes. Inhibits histone acetylation by EP300 and recruits class I HDACs, which induces a hypoacetylated state of chromatin.

Background References

1. Angelov D et al. The histone variant macroH2A interferes with transcription factor binding and SWI/SNF nucleosome remodeling. Mol Cell 11:1033-1041 (2003).

2. Zhang R et al. Formation of MacroH2A-containing senescence-associated heterochromatin foci and senescence driven by ASF1a and HIRA. Dev Cell 8:19-30 (2005).

Tissue Specificity

Widely expressed.

Post-translational Modification

Monoubiquitinated at either Lys-116 or Lys-117. May also be polyubiquitinated. Ubiquitination is mediated by the CUL3/SPOP E3 complex and does not promote proteasomal degradation. Instead, it is required for enrichment in inactive X chromosome chromatin.

Subcellular Location

Nucleus.

UNIPROT

SwissProt: O75367 Human

SwissProt: Q9QZQ8 Mouse

Synonyms