This gene encodes a member of the immunoglobulin family of cell adhesion molecules that functions in the glomerular filtration barrier in the kidney. The renal filtration barrier consists of fenestrated endothelial cells, the glomerular basement membrane, and the podocytes of epithelial cells. The gene is primarily expressed in renal tissues, and the protein is a type-1 transmembrane protein found at the slit diaphragm of glomerular podocytes. The slit diaphragm is thought to function as an ultrafilter to exclude albumin and other plasma macromolecules in the formation of urine. Mutations in this gene result in Finnish-type congenital nephrosis 1, characterized by severe proteinuria and loss of the slit diaphragm and foot processes. A defect in the gene for nephrin, NPHS1, is associated with congenital nephrotic syndrome of the Finnish type and causes massive amounts of protein to be leaked into the urine, or proteinuria. Nephrin is also required for cardiovascular development. Plays a role in skeletal muscle formation through regulation of myoblast fusion.
Background References
1. Holthoefer H et al. Nephrin localizes at the podocyte filtration slit area and is characteristically spliced in the human kidney. Am J Pathol 155:1681-1687 (1999).
2. Ruotsalainen V et al. Nephrin is specifically located at the slit diaphragm of glomerular podocytes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 96:7962-7967 (1999).
Sequence Similarity
Belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily.
Tissue Specificity
Specifically expressed in podocytes of kidney glomeruli.
Post-translational Modification
Phosphorylated at Tyr-1193 by FYN, leading to the recruitment and activation of phospholipase C-gamma-1/PLCG1.
Western blot analysis of Nephrin on human kidney tissue lysates with Rabbit anti-Nephrin antibody (ER1803-67) at 1/1,000 dilution.
Lysates/proteins at 30 µg/Lane.
Predicted band size: 135 kDa Observed band size: 200 kDa
Exposure time: 30 seconds; ECL: K1801;
4-20% SDS-PAGE gel.
Proteins were transferred to a PVDF membrane and blocked with 5% NFDM/TBST for 1 hour at room temperature. The primary antibody (ER1803-67) at 1/1,000 dilution was used in 5% NFDM/TBST at 4℃ overnight. Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG - HRP Secondary Antibody (HA1001) at 1/50,000 dilution was used for 1 hour at room temperature.
ICC staining Nephrin in 293T cells (green). Formalin fixed cells were permeabilized with 0.1% Triton X-100 in TBS for 10 minutes at room temperature and blocked with 1% Blocker BSA for 15 minutes at room temperature. Cells were probed with Nephrin polyclonal antibody at a dilution of 1:100 for at least 1 hour at room temperature, washed with PBS. Alexa Fluorc™ 488 Goat anti-Rabbit IgG was used as the secondary antibody at 1/100 dilution. The nuclear counter stain is DAPI (blue).
ICC staining Nephrin in PANC-1 cells (green). Formalin fixed cells were permeabilized with 0.1% Triton X-100 in TBS for 10 minutes at room temperature and blocked with 1% Blocker BSA for 15 minutes at room temperature. Cells were probed with Nephrin polyclonal antibody at a dilution of 1:100 for at least 1 hour at room temperature, washed with PBS. Alexa Fluorc™ 488 Goat anti-Rabbit IgG was used as the secondary antibody at 1/100 dilution. The nuclear counter stain is DAPI (blue).
ICC staining Nephrin in PC-12 cells (green). Formalin fixed cells were permeabilized with 0.1% Triton X-100 in TBS for 10 minutes at room temperature and blocked with 1% Blocker BSA for 15 minutes at room temperature. Cells were probed with Nephrin polyclonal antibody at a dilution of 1:100 for at least 1 hour at room temperature, washed with PBS. Alexa Fluorc™ 488 Goat anti-Rabbit IgG was used as the secondary antibody at 1/100 dilution. The nuclear counter stain is DAPI (blue).
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