Integrins are heterodimers composed of non-covalently associated transmembrane a and b subunits. The 16 a and 8 b subunits heterodimerize to produce more than 20 different receptors. Most integrin receptors bind to ligands that are components of the extracellular matrix. Certain integrins can also bind to soluble ligands such as Fibrinogen, or to counterreceptors on adjacent cells, such as the intracellular adhesion molecules (ICAMs), leading to aggregation of cells. In addition to mediating cell adhesion and cytoskeletal organization, integrins function as signaling receptors. Signals transduced by integrins play a role in many biological processes, including cell growth, differentiation, migration and apoptosis. ILK (integrin-linked kinase) was identified as a serine/threonine kinase that phosphorylates b1 and b3 integrins. ILK expression has been shown to be reduced in response to Fibronectin, a known integrin ligand. Overexpression of ILK was shown to upregulate the Fibronectin matrix assembly in epithelial cells, indicating a potential role for ILK in cell growth, cell survival and tumorigenesis.
Background References
1. Hoshino A et al. Tumour exosome integrins determine organotropic metastasis. Nature 527:329-35 (2015).
2. Rottmar M et al. Interference with the contractile machinery of the fibroblastic chondrocyte cytoskeleton induces re-expression of the cartilage phenotype through involvement of PI3K, PKC and MAPKs. Exp Cell Res 320:175-87 (2014).
Sequence Similarity
Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. TKL Ser/Thr protein kinase family.
Tissue Specificity
Highly expressed in heart followed by skeletal muscle, pancreas and kidney. Weakly expressed in placenta, lung and liver.
Western blot analysis of Integrin linked ILK on different lysates with Rabbit anti-Integrin linked ILK antibody (ER1803-78) at 1/5,000 dilution.
Lane 1: HeLa (Human cervical adenocarcinoma cell) cell lysate Lane 2: Mouse lung tissue lysate Lane 3: Rat lung tissue lysate Lane 4: Rat kidney tissue lysate
Lysates/proteins at 15 µg/Lane. Exposure time: 8 seconds; ECL: K1801
Blocking: 5% NFDM/TBST, 1 hour at room temperature Primary antibody: ER1803-78, 1/5,000 in primary antibody dilution buffer (K1803), overnight at 4 ℃ Secondary antibody: Goat anti-Rabbit IgG-HRP (HA1001), 1/50,000 in 5% NFDM/TBST, 1 hour at room temperature
Predicted band size: 51 kDa Observed band size: 51 kDa
Immunocytochemistry analysis of A431 cells labeling Integrin linked ILK with Rabbit anti-Integrin linked ILK antibody (ER1803-78) at 1/100 dilution.
Cells were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde for 20 minutes at room temperature, permeabilized with 0.1% Triton X-100 in PBS for 5 minutes at room temperature, then blocked with 1% BSA in 10% negative goat serum for 1 hour at room temperature. Cells were then incubated with Rabbit anti-Integrin linked ILK antibody (ER1803-78) at 1/100 dilution in 1% BSA in PBST overnight at 4 ℃. Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (iFluor™ 488, HA1121) was used as the secondary antibody at 1/1,000 dilution. PBS instead of the primary antibody was used as the secondary antibody only control. Nuclear DNA was labelled in blue with DAPI.
Beta tubulin (M1305-2, red) was stained at 1/100 dilution overnight at +4℃. Goat Anti-Mouse IgG H&L (iFluor™ 594, HA1126) was used as the secondary antibody at 1/1,000 dilution.
Immunocytochemistry analysis of NIH/3T3 cells labeling Integrin linked ILK with Rabbit anti-Integrin linked ILK antibody (ER1803-78) at 1/100 dilution.
Cells were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde for 20 minutes at room temperature, permeabilized with 0.1% Triton X-100 in PBS for 5 minutes at room temperature, then blocked with 1% BSA in 10% negative goat serum for 1 hour at room temperature. Cells were then incubated with Rabbit anti-Integrin linked ILK antibody (ER1803-78) at 1/100 dilution in 1% BSA in PBST overnight at 4 ℃. Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (iFluor™ 488, HA1121) was used as the secondary antibody at 1/1,000 dilution. PBS instead of the primary antibody was used as the secondary antibody only control. Nuclear DNA was labelled in blue with DAPI.
Beta tubulin (M1305-2, red) was stained at 1/100 dilution overnight at +4℃. Goat Anti-Mouse IgG H&L (iFluor™ 594, HA1126) was used as the secondary antibody at 1/1,000 dilution.
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded rat skeletal muscle tissue using anti-Integrin linked ILK antibody. The section was pre-treated using heat mediated antigen retrieval with Tris-EDTA buffer (pH 8.0-8.4) for 20 minutes.The tissues were blocked in 5% BSA for 30 minutes at room temperature, washed with ddH2O and PBS, and then probed with the antibody (ER1803-78) at 1/200 dilution, for 30 minutes at room temperature and detected using an HRP conjugated compact polymer system. DAB was used as the chrogen. Counter stained with hematoxylin and mounted with DPX.
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human kidney tissue using anti-Integrin linked ILK antibody. The section was pre-treated using heat mediated antigen retrieval with Tris-EDTA buffer (pH 8.0-8.4) for 20 minutes.The tissues were blocked in 5% BSA for 30 minutes at room temperature, washed with ddH2O and PBS, and then probed with the antibody (ER1803-78) at 1/200 dilution, for 30 minutes at room temperature and detected using an HRP conjugated compact polymer system. DAB was used as the chrogen. Counter stained with hematoxylin and mounted with DPX.
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human pancreas tissue using anti-Integrin linked ILK antibody. The section was pre-treated using heat mediated antigen retrieval with Tris-EDTA buffer (pH 8.0-8.4) for 20 minutes.The tissues were blocked in 5% BSA for 30 minutes at room temperature, washed with ddH2O and PBS, and then probed with the antibody (ER1803-78) at 1/200 dilution, for 30 minutes at room temperature and detected using an HRP conjugated compact polymer system. DAB was used as the chrogen. Counter stained with hematoxylin and mounted with DPX.
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded mouse heart tissue using anti-Integrin linked ILK antibody. The section was pre-treated using heat mediated antigen retrieval with Tris-EDTA buffer (pH 8.0-8.4) for 20 minutes.The tissues were blocked in 5% BSA for 30 minutes at room temperature, washed with ddH2O and PBS, and then probed with the antibody (ER1803-78) at 1/50 dilution, for 30 minutes at room temperature and detected using an HRP conjugated compact polymer system. DAB was used as the chrogen. Counter stained with hematoxylin and mounted with DPX.
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