Coronaviruses are enveloped viruses with a positive-sense RNA genome and with a nucleocapsid of helical symmetry. Coronavirus nucleoproteins localize to the cytoplasm and the nucleolus, a subnuclear structure, in both virus-infected primary cells and in cells transfected with plasmids that express N protein. Coronavirus N protein is required for coronavirus RNA synthesis, and has RNA chaperone activity that may be involved in template switch. Nucleocapsid protein is a most abundant protein of coronavirus. During virion assembly, N protein binds to viral RNA and leads to formation of the helical nucleocapsid. Nucleocapsid protein is a highly immunogenic phosphoprotein also implicated in viral genome replication and in modulating cell signaling pathways. Because of the conservation of N protein sequence and its strong immunogenicity, the N protein of coronavirus is chosen as a diagnostic tool.
Background References
1. Wu,F. A new coronavirus associated with human respiratory disease in China. Nature 579 (7798), 265-269 (2020).
ELISA analysis with anti-SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid Proein antibody. Antigen (1 μg/mL). The antigen was used as the coating antigen, and the anti-SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid Protein antibody was used as the capture antigen for ELISA.
Western blot using anti-SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid Protein antibody shows detection of a 48 kDa band corresponding to the protein.
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