Histone H4 (tri methyl K20) Recombinant Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody [ST044-07]

Function

Eukaryotic histones are basic and water soluble nuclear proteins that form hetero-octameric nucleosome particles by wrapping 146 base pairs of DNA in a left-handed super-helical turn sequentially to form chromosomal fibers. Two molecules of each of the four core histones (H2A, H2B, H3 and H4) form the octamer, which is comprised of two H2A-H2B dimers and two H3-H4 dimers, forming two nearly symmetrical halves by tertiary structure. Histones are subject to posttranslational modification by enzymes primarily on their N-terminal tails, but also in their globular domains. Human and mouse Histone H4 are subject to trimethylation at Lys 20, a modification that may be necessary for select DNA transactions or chromatin state transitions.

Background References

1. Khan SA et al. p38-MAPK/MSK1-mediated overexpression of histone H3 serine 10 phosphorylation defines distance-dependent prognostic value of negative resection margin in gastric cancer. Clin Epigenetics 8:88 (2016).

2. Svensson JP et al. A nucleosome turnover map reveals that the stability of histone H4 Lys20 methylation depends on histone recycling in transcribed chromatin. Genome Res 25:872-83 (2015).

Sequence Similarity

Belongs to the histone H4 family.

Post-translational Modification

Acetylation at Lys-6 (H4K5ac), Lys-9 (H4K8ac), Lys-13 (H4K12ac) and Lys-17 (H4K16ac) occurs in coding regions of the genome but not in heterochromatin.; Citrullination at Arg-4 (H4R3ci) by PADI4 impairs methylation.; Monomethylation and asymmetric dimethylation at Arg-4 (H4R3me1 and H4R3me2a, respectively) by PRMT1 favors acetylation at Lys-9 (H4K8ac) and Lys-13 (H4K12ac). Demethylation is performed by JMJD6. Symmetric dimethylation on Arg-4 (H4R3me2s) by the PRDM1/PRMT5 complex may play a crucial role in the germ-cell lineage.; Monomethylated, dimethylated or trimethylated at Lys-21 (H4K20me1, H4K20me2, H4K20me3). Monomethylation is performed by SET8. Dimethylation and trimethylation is performed by KMT5B and KMT5C and induces gene silencing (By similarity).; Phosphorylated by PAK2 at Ser-48 (H4S47ph). This phosphorylation increases the association of H3.3-H4 with the histone chaperone HIRA, thus promoting nucleosome assembly of H3.3-H4 and inhibiting nucleosome assembly of H3.1-H4.; Ubiquitinated by the CUL4-DDB-RBX1 complex in response to ultraviolet irradiation. This may weaken the interaction between histones and DNA and facilitate DNA accessibility to repair proteins. Monoubiquitinated at Lys-92 of histone H4 (H4K91ub1) in response to DNA damage. The exact role of H4K91ub1 in DNA damage response is still unclear but it may function as a licensing signal for additional histone H4 post-translational modifications such as H4 Lys-21 methylation (H4K20me).; Sumoylated, which is associated with transcriptional repression.; Crotonylation (Kcr) is specifically present in male germ cells and marks testis-specific genes in post-meiotic cells, including X-linked genes that escape sex chromosome inactivation in haploid cells. Crotonylation marks active promoters and enhancers and confers resistance to transcriptional repressors. It is also associated with post-meiotically activated genes on autosomes.; Butyrylation of histones marks active promoters and competes with histone acetylation.; Glutarylation at Lys-92 (H4K91glu) destabilizes nucleosomes by promoting dissociation of the H2A-H2B dimers from nucleosomes.

Subcellular Location

Nucleus, Chromosome.

UNIPROT

SwissProt: P62805 Human

SwissProt: P62806 Mouse

SwissProt: P62804 Rat

Synonyms