Cytokeratins comprise a diverse group of intermediate filament proteins (IFPs) that are expressed as pairs in both keratinized and non-keratinized epithelial tissue. Cytokeratins constitute up to 85% of a mature keratinocytes in the vertebrate epidermis. Cytokeratins play a critical role in differentiation and tissue specialization, and they function to maintain the overall structural integrity of epithelial cells. The alpha-helical coiled-coil dimers associate laterally end-to-end to form 10-nm diameter filaments. Cytokeratins are useful markers of tissue differentiation, and they aid in the characterization of malignant tumors. Cytokeratin 1 is highly expressed in several malignancies including epithelioid hemangioendohtheliomas, angiosarcomas, schwannomas, epithelioid sarcomas and synodal sarcomas. The gene encoding human Cytokeratin 1 maps to chromosome 12q13.13. Mutations in the gene encoding human Cytokeratin 1 lead to abnormal filament associations and epidermolytic hyperkeratosis.
Background References
1. Zhu, H. et al. 2016. MiR-217 is down-regulated in psoriasis and promotes keratinocyte differentiation via targeting GRHL2. Biochemical and biophysical research communications. 471: 169-76.
2. Li, G. et al. 2015. Transcription Factor PAX6 (Paired Box 6) Controls Limbal Stem Cell Lineage in Development and Disease. The Journal of biological chemistry. 290: 20448-54.
Sequence Similarity
Belongs to the intermediate filament family.
Tissue Specificity
The source of this protein is neonatal foreskin. The 67-kDa type II keratins are expressed in terminally differentiating epidermis.
Post-translational Modification
Undergoes deimination of some arginine residues (citrullination).
Western blot analysis of Cytokeratin 1 on different lysates with Rabbit anti-Cytokeratin 1 antibody (ET1611-46) at 1/1,000 dilution.
Lane 1: Mouse skin tissue lysate (RIPA lysis) Lane 2: Mouse skin tissue lysate (hot lysis) Lane 3: Rat skin tissue lysate (RIPA lysis) Lane 4: Rat skin tissue lysate (hot lysis)
Lysates/proteins at 40 µg/Lane.
Predicted band size: 66 kDa Observed band size: 66 kDa
Exposure time: 6 seconds; ECL: K1801;
4-20% SDS-PAGE gel.
Proteins were transferred to a PVDF membrane and blocked with 5% NFDM/TBST for 1 hour at room temperature. The primary antibody (ET1611-46) at 1/1,000 dilution was used in 5% NFDM/TBST at 4℃ overnight. Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG - HRP Secondary Antibody (HA1001) at 1/50,000 dilution was used for 1 hour at room temperature.
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human skin tissue with Rabbit anti-Cytokeratin 1 antibody (ET1611-46) at 1/1,500 dilution.
The section was pre-treated using heat mediated antigen retrieval with Tris-EDTA buffer (pH 9.0) for 20 minutes. The tissues were blocked in 1% BSA for 20 minutes at room temperature, washed with ddH2O and PBS, and then probed with the primary antibody (ET1611-46) at 1/1,500 dilution for 1 hour at room temperature. The detection was performed using an HRP conjugated compact polymer system. DAB was used as the chromogen. Tissues were counterstained with hematoxylin and mounted with DPX.
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human skin tissue with Rabbit anti-Cytokeratin 1 antibody (ET1611-46) at 1/1,500 dilution.
The section was not undergone antigen retrieval. The tissues were blocked in 1% BSA for 20 minutes at room temperature, washed with ddH2O and PBS, and then probed with the primary antibody (ET1611-46) at 1/1,500 dilution for 1 hour at room temperature. The detection was performed using an HRP conjugated compact polymer system. DAB was used as the chromogen. Tissues were counterstained with hematoxylin and mounted with DPX.
Immunofluorescence analysis of paraffin-embedded human skin tissue labeling Cytokeratin 1 (ET1611-46) and Vimentin (EM0401).
The section was pre-treated using heat mediated antigen retrieval with Tris-EDTA buffer (pH 9.0) for 20 minutes. The tissues were blocked in 10% negative goat serum for 1 hour at room temperature, washed with PBS. And then probed with the primary antibodies Cytokeratin 1 (ET1611-46, red) at 1/200 dilution and Vimentin (EM0401, green) at 1/200 dilution at +4℃ overnight, washed with PBS.
Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (iFluor™ 594, HA1122) and Goat Anti-Mouse IgG H&L (iFluor™ 488, HA1125) were used as the secondary antibodies at 1/1,000 dilution. Nuclei were counterstained with DAPI (blue).
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded rat skin tissue with Rabbit anti-Cytokeratin 1 antibody (ET1611-46) at 1/400 dilution.
The section was pre-treated using heat mediated antigen retrieval with Tris-EDTA buffer (pH 9.0) for 20 minutes. The tissues were blocked in 1% BSA for 20 minutes at room temperature, washed with ddH2O and PBS, and then probed with the primary antibody (ET1611-46) at 1/400 dilution for 1 hour at room temperature. The detection was performed using an HRP conjugated compact polymer system. DAB was used as the chromogen. Tissues were counterstained with hematoxylin and mounted with DPX.
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded mouse skin tissue using anti-Cytokeratin 1 antibody. The section was pre-treated using heat mediated antigen retrieval with Tris-EDTA buffer (pH 8.0-8.4) for 20 minutes.The tissues were blocked in 5% BSA for 30 minutes at room temperature, washed with ddH2O and PBS, and then probed with the primary antibody (ET1611-46, 1/50) for 30 minutes at room temperature. The detection was performed using an HRP conjugated compact polymer system. DAB was used as the chromogen. Tissues were counterstained with hematoxylin and mounted with DPX.
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