Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) is a carboxyl-terminal dipeptidyl exopeptidase that converts angiotensin I to the potent vasopressive hormone, angiotensin II. There are two isoforms of ACE, the pulmonary ACEP and the testicular ACET. ACEP is a glycoprotein expressed in vascular endothelial cells of the lung, liver, adrenal cortex, pancreas, kidney and spleen. The ACET isoform is expressed exclusively in adult testis by developing sperm cells, specifically late pachytene spermatocytes. Additionally, ACE inactivates bradykinin, a vasodepressor peptide, and is involved in blood pressure regulation and fluid/electrolyte homeostasis. ACE2 is the first known human homolog of ACE. Unlike ACE, which is expressed ubiquitously throughout the vasculature, ACE2 is expressed only in cardiac, renal and testicular cells.
Background References
1. Thatcher SE et al. Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 Decreases Formation and Severity of Angiotensin II-Induced Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 34:2617-23 (2014).
2. Honorato-Sampaio K et al. Evidence that angiotensin-(1-7) is an intermediate of gonadotrophin-induced oocyte maturation in the rat preovulatory follicle. Exp Physiol 97:642-50 (2012).
Sequence Similarity
Belongs to the peptidase M2 family.
Tissue Specificity
Expressed in endothelial cells from small and large arteries, and in arterial smooth muscle cells (at protein level). Expressed in lung alveolar epithelial cells, enterocytes of the small intestine, Leydig cells and Sertoli cells (at protein level). Expressed in the renal proximal tubule and the small intestine (at protein level). Expressed in heart, kidney, testis, and gastrointestinal system.
Post-translational Modification
N-glycosylation on Asn-90 may limit SARS infectivity.; Proteolytic cleavage by ADAM17 generates a secreted form. Also cleaved by serine proteases: TMPRSS2, TMPRSS11D and HPN/TMPRSS1.
Western blot analysis of ACE2 on different lysates with Rabbit anti-ACE2 antibody (ET1611-58) at 1/2,000 dilution.
Lane 1: Caco-2 cell lysate (20 µg/Lane) Lane 2: HepG2 cell lysate (20 µg/Lane) Lane 3: 293T cell lysate (20 µg/Lane) Lane 4: Mouse testis tissue lysate (40 µg/Lane) Lane 5: Mouse lung tissue lysate (40 µg/Lane) Lane 6: Rat testis tissue lysate (40 µg/Lane) Lane 7: Rat lung tissue lysate (40 µg/Lane)
Predicted band size: 92 kDa Observed band size: 130 kDa
Exposure time: 3 minutes; ECL: K1801;
4-20% SDS-PAGE gel.
Proteins were transferred to a PVDF membrane and blocked with 5% NFDM/TBST for 1 hour at room temperature. The primary antibody (ET1611-58) at 1/2,000 dilution was used in 5% NFDM/TBST at 4℃ overnight. Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG - HRP Secondary Antibody (HA1001) at 1/50,000 dilution was used for 1 hour at room temperature.
Western blot analysis of ACE2 on Hamster testis (1) and stomach (2) tissue lysates using anti-ACE2 antibody at 1/1,000 dilution.
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human testis tissue with Rabbit anti-ACE2 antibody (ET1611-58) at 1/1,000 dilution.
The section was pre-treated using heat mediated antigen retrieval with Tris-EDTA buffer (pH 9.0) for 20 minutes. The tissues were blocked in 1% BSA for 20 minutes at room temperature, washed with ddH2O and PBS, and then probed with the primary antibody (ET1611-58) at 1/1,000 dilution for 1 hour at room temperature. The detection was performed using an HRP conjugated compact polymer system. DAB was used as the chromogen. Tissues were counterstained with hematoxylin and mounted with DPX.
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human kidney tissue with Rabbit anti-ACE2 antibody (ET1611-58) at 1/1,000 dilution.
The section was pre-treated using heat mediated antigen retrieval with Tris-EDTA buffer (pH 9.0) for 20 minutes. The tissues were blocked in 1% BSA for 20 minutes at room temperature, washed with ddH2O and PBS, and then probed with the primary antibody (ET1611-58) at 1/1,000 dilution for 1 hour at room temperature. The detection was performed using an HRP conjugated compact polymer system. DAB was used as the chromogen. Tissues were counterstained with hematoxylin and mounted with DPX.
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded mouse kidney tissue with Rabbit anti-ACE2 antibody (ET1611-58) at 1/1,000 dilution.
The section was pre-treated using heat mediated antigen retrieval with Tris-EDTA buffer (pH 9.0) for 20 minutes. The tissues were blocked in 1% BSA for 20 minutes at room temperature, washed with ddH2O and PBS, and then probed with the primary antibody (ET1611-58) at 1/1,000 dilution for 1 hour at room temperature. The detection was performed using an HRP conjugated compact polymer system. DAB was used as the chromogen. Tissues were counterstained with hematoxylin and mounted with DPX.
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded rat kidney tissue with Rabbit anti-ACE2 antibody (ET1611-58) at 1/1,000 dilution.
The section was pre-treated using heat mediated antigen retrieval with Tris-EDTA buffer (pH 9.0) for 20 minutes. The tissues were blocked in 1% BSA for 20 minutes at room temperature, washed with ddH2O and PBS, and then probed with the primary antibody (ET1611-58) at 1/1,000 dilution for 1 hour at room temperature. The detection was performed using an HRP conjugated compact polymer system. DAB was used as the chromogen. Tissues were counterstained with hematoxylin and mounted with DPX.
☑ Knockdown (KD)
Western blot analysis of ACE2 on different lysates with Rabbit anti-ACE2 antibody (ET1611-58) at 1/1,000 dilution.
Lane 1: Caco-2-si NT cell lysate Lane 2: Caco-2-si ACE2 cell lysate
Lysates/proteins at 10 µg/Lane.
Predicted band size: 92 kDa Observed band size: 120 kDa
Exposure time: 1 minute 23 seconds;
4-20% SDS-PAGE gel.
Proteins were transferred to a PVDF membrane and blocked with 5% NFDM/TBST for 1 hour at room temperature. The primary antibody (ET1611-58) at 1/1,000 dilution was used in 5% NFDM/TBST at 4℃ overnight. Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG - HRP Secondary Antibody (HA1001) at 1/50,000 dilution was used for 1 hour at room temperature.
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