Endogenous opioid peptides and opiates, like morphine, transmit their pharmacological effects through membrane bound opioid receptors. Pharmacological studies and molecular cloning have led to the identification of three different types of opioid receptor, mu-type, delta-type and kappa-type, also designated MOR-1, DOR-1 and KOR-1, respectively. MOR-1 is a receptor for beta-endorphin, DOR-1 is a receptor for enkephalins, and KOR-1 is a receptor for dynorphins. The three opioid receptor types are highly homologous and belong to the superfamily of G protein-coupled receptors. Opioid receptors have been shown to modulate a range of brain functions, including instinctive behavior and emotions. This regulation is thought to involve the inhibition of neurotransmitter release by reducing calcium ion currents and increasing potassium ion conductance.
Background References
1. Ju, J. et al. 2013. Role of spinal opioid receptor on the antiallodynic effect of intrathecal nociceptin in neuropathic rat. Neurosci. Lett.. 542: 118-122.
2. De Minicis, S. et al. 2008. Role of endogenous opioids in modulating HSC activity in vitro and liver fibrosis in vivo. Gut. 57: 352-364.
Sequence Similarity
Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family.
Tissue Specificity
Detected in oocytes (at protein level). Detected in brain cortex, hypothalamus, hippocampus and olfactory bulb. Detected in oocytes.
Post-translational Modification
N-glycosylated.; Ubiquitinated. A basal ubiquitination seems not to be related to degradation. Ubiquitination is increased upon formation of OPRM1:OPRD1 oligomers leading to proteasomal degradation; the ubiquitination is diminished by RTP4.
Western blot analysis of Delta Opioid Receptor on different lysates with Rabbit anti-Delta Opioid Receptor antibody (ET1611-92) at 1/1,000 dilution.
Lane 1: HUVEC cell lysate (10 µg/Lane) Lane 2: Mouse brain tissue lysate (20 µg/Lane) Lane 3: Rat brain tissue lysate (20 µg/Lane)
Predicted band size: 40 kDa Observed band size: 45 kDa
Exposure time: Lane 1-2: 20 seconds; Lane 3: 1 minute; ECL: K1801;
4-20% SDS-PAGE gel.
Proteins were transferred to a PVDF membrane and blocked with 5% NFDM/TBST for 1 hour at room temperature. The primary antibody (ET1611-92) at 1/1,000 dilution was used in 5% NFDM/TBST at room temperature for 2 hours. Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG - HRP Secondary Antibody (HA1001) at 1/50,000 dilution was used for 1 hour at room temperature.
Flow cytometric analysis of Delta Opioid Receptor was done on SH-SY5Y cells. The cells were fixed, permeabilized and stained with the primary antibody (ET1611-92, 1/50) (red). After incubation of the primary antibody at room temperature for an hour, the cells were stained with a Alexa Fluor 488-conjugated Goat anti-Rabbit IgG Secondary antibody at 1/1000 dilution for 30 minutes.Unlabelled sample was used as a control (cells without incubation with primary antibody; black).
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