Hemoglobin (Hgb) is coupled to four iron-binding, methene-linked tetrapyrrole rings (heme). The α (16p13.3; 5′-ζ-pseudoz-pseudo α2-pseudo α1-α2-α1-?1-3′) and β (11p15.5) globin loci determine the basic hemoglobin structure. The globin portion of hemoglobin consists of two α chains and two β chains arranged in pairs forming a tetramer. Each of the four globin chains covalently associates with a heme group. The bonds between α and β chains are weaker than between similar globin chains, thereby forming a cleavage plane that is important for oxygen binding and release. High affinity for oxygen occurs upon relaxation of the α1-β2 cleavage plane. When the two α1-β2 interfaces are closely bound, hemoglobin has a low affinity for oxygen. Hb A, which contains two α chains plus two β chains, comprises 97% of total circulating hemoglobin. The remaining 3% of total circulating hemoglobin is comprised of Hb A-2, which consists of two α chains plus two δ chains, and fetal hemoglobin (Hb F), which consists of two α chains together with two γ chains.
Background References
1. Nagy E et al. Red cells, hemoglobin, heme, iron, and atherogenesis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 30:1347-53 (2010).
2. Silva G et al. Oxidized hemoglobin is an endogenous proinflammatory agonist that targets vascular endothelial cells. J Biol Chem 284:29582-95 (2009).
Sequence Similarity
Belongs to the globin family.
Tissue Specificity
Red blood cells.
Post-translational Modification
Acetylation of Gly-2 converts Hb F to the minor Hb F1.
Western blot analysis of Hemoglobin subunit gamma 1and2 on different lysates. Proteins were transferred to a PVDF membrane and blocked with 5% BSA in PBS for 1 hour at room temperature. The primary antibody (ET1703-46, 1/500) was used in 5% BSA at room temperature for 2 hours. Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG - HRP Secondary Antibody (HA1001) at 1:5,000 dilution was used for 1 hour at room temperature. Positive control: Lane 1: human placenta tissue lysate Lane 2: human brain tissue lysate
ICC staining of Hemoglobin subunit gamma 1and2 in D3 cells (red). Formalin fixed cells were permeabilized with 0.1% Triton X-100 in TBS for 10 minutes at room temperature and blocked with 1% Blocker BSA for 15 minutes at room temperature. Cells were probed with the primary antibody (ET1703-46, 1/50) for 1 hour at room temperature, washed with PBS. Alexa Fluor®594 Goat anti-Rabbit IgG was used as the secondary antibody at 1/1,000 dilution. The nuclear counter stain is DAPI (blue).
ICC staining of Hemoglobin subunit gamma 1and2 in MCF-7 cells (red). Formalin fixed cells were permeabilized with 0.1% Triton X-100 in TBS for 10 minutes at room temperature and blocked with 1% Blocker BSA for 15 minutes at room temperature. Cells were probed with the primary antibody (ET1703-46, 1/50) for 1 hour at room temperature, washed with PBS. Alexa Fluor®594 Goat anti-Rabbit IgG was used as the secondary antibody at 1/1,000 dilution. The nuclear counter stain is DAPI (blue).
ICC staining of Hemoglobin subunit gamma 1and2 in PC-12 cells (red). Formalin fixed cells were permeabilized with 0.1% Triton X-100 in TBS for 10 minutes at room temperature and blocked with 1% Blocker BSA for 15 minutes at room temperature. Cells were probed with the primary antibody (ET1703-46, 1/50) for 1 hour at room temperature, washed with PBS. Alexa Fluor®594 Goat anti-Rabbit IgG was used as the secondary antibody at 1/1,000 dilution. The nuclear counter stain is DAPI (blue).
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human placenta tissue with Rabbit anti-Hemoglobin subunit gamma 1and2 antibody (ET1703-46) at 1/5,000 dilution.
The section was pre-treated using heat mediated antigen retrieval with Tris-EDTA buffer (pH 9.0) for 20 minutes. The tissues were blocked in 1% BSA for 20 minutes at room temperature, washed with ddH2O and PBS, and then probed with the primary antibody (ET1703-46) at 1/5,000 dilution for 1 hour at room temperature. The detection was performed using an HRP conjugated compact polymer system. DAB was used as the chromogen. Tissues were counterstained with hematoxylin and mounted with DPX.
☑ Relative expression (RE)
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human stomach tissue (negative) with Rabbit anti-Hemoglobin subunit gamma 1and2 antibody (ET1703-46) at 1/1,000 dilution.
The section was pre-treated using heat mediated antigen retrieval with Tris-EDTA buffer (pH 9.0) for 20 minutes. The tissues were blocked in 1% BSA for 20 minutes at room temperature, washed with ddH2O and PBS, and then probed with the primary antibody (ET1703-46) at 1/1,000 dilution for 1 hour at room temperature. The detection was performed using an HRP conjugated compact polymer system. DAB was used as the chromogen. Tissues were counterstained with hematoxylin and mounted with DPX.
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