THOC1 (THO complex subunit 1), also known as Tho1, P84, HPR1 or P84N5, is a 657 amino acid nuclear matrix protein and is evolutionarily conserved from yeast to humans. THOC1 contains one death domain and is a component of the heteromultimeric THO/TREX (transcription/export) complex along with THOC2, THOC3, BAT1 and ALY. The THO/TREX complex is recruited to transcribed genes and travels along with RNA polymerase II (Pol II) during elongation, coupling elongating Pol II with RNA splicing and export factors. THOC1 is expressed at high levels in breast cancer cells and at relatively low levels in normal epithelia. A reduction of THOC1 in cancer cell lines results in reduced cell proliferation. This suggests that cancer cells are dependent on the high levels of THOC1 expression and therefore THOC1 may be a good target for cancer therapy.
Background References
1. Zhao L et al. DDX3X promotes the biogenesis of a subset of miRNAs and the potential roles they played in cancer development. Sci Rep 6:32739 (2016).
2. Bachran C et al. Cytolethal distending toxin B as a cell-killing component of tumor-targeted anthrax toxin fusion proteins. Cell Death Dis 5:e1003 (2014).
Tissue Specificity
Ubiquitous. Expressed in various cancer cell lines. Expressed at very low levels in normal breast epithelial cells and highly expressed in breast tumors. Expression is strongly associated with an aggressive phenotype of breast tumors and expression correlates with tumor size and the metastatic state of the tumor progression.
Post-translational Modification
Expression is altered specifically during apoptosis and is accompanied by the appearance of novel forms with smaller apparent molecular mass.; Polyubiquitinated, leading to proteasomal degradation; probably involves NEDD4.
Western blot analysis of Nuclear Matrix Protein p84 on different lysates with Rabbit anti-Nuclear Matrix Protein p84 antibody (ET1706-52) at 1/5,000 dilution.
Lane 1: HeLa (Human cervical adenocarcinoma cell) cell lysate Lane 2: A431 (Human epidermoid carcinoma skin squamous cell) cell lysate Lane 3: Hep G2 (Human hepatocellular carcinoma cell) cell lysate Lane 4: NIH/3T3 (Mouse fibroblast) cell lysate Lane 5: PC-12 (Rat pheochromocytoma cell (undifferentiated)) cell lysate
Lysates/proteins at 15 µg/Lane. Exposure time: 20 seconds; ECL: K1801
Blocking: 5% NFDM/TBST, 1 hour at room temperature Primary antibody: ET1706-52, 1/5,000 in primary antibody dilution buffer (K1803), overnight at 4 ℃ Secondary antibody: Goat anti-Rabbit IgG-HRP (HA1001), 1/50,000 in 5% NFDM/TBST, 1 hour at room temperature
Predicted band size: 76 kDa Observed band size: 76 kDa
Immunocytochemistry analysis of HUVEC cells labeling Nuclear Matrix Protein p84 with Rabbit anti-Nuclear Matrix Protein p84 antibody (ET1706-52) at 1/50 dilution.
Cells were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde for 10 minutes at 37 ℃, permeabilized with 0.05% Triton X-100 in PBS for 20 minutes, and then blocked with 2% negative goat serum for 30 minutes at room temperature. Cells were then incubated with Rabbit anti-Nuclear Matrix Protein p84 antibody (ET1706-52) at 1/50 dilution in 2% negative goat serum overnight at 4 ℃. Alexa Fluor®488 conjugate-Goat anti-Rabbit IgG was used as the secondary antibody at 1/1,000 dilution. Nuclear DNA was labelled in blue with DAPI.
Immunocytochemistry analysis of LOVO cells labeling Nuclear Matrix Protein p84 with Rabbit anti-Nuclear Matrix Protein p84 antibody (ET1706-52) at 1/50 dilution.
Cells were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde for 10 minutes at 37 ℃, permeabilized with 0.05% Triton X-100 in PBS for 20 minutes, and then blocked with 2% negative goat serum for 30 minutes at room temperature. Cells were then incubated with Rabbit anti-Nuclear Matrix Protein p84 antibody (ET1706-52) at 1/50 dilution in 2% negative goat serum overnight at 4 ℃. Alexa Fluor®488 conjugate-Goat anti-Rabbit IgG was used as the secondary antibody at 1/1,000 dilution. Nuclear DNA was labelled in blue with DAPI.
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human colon carcinoma tissue with Rabbit anti-Nuclear Matrix Protein p84 antibody (ET1706-52) at 1/50 dilution.
The section was pre-treated using heat mediated antigen retrieval with Tris-EDTA buffer (pH 9.0) for 20 minutes. The tissues were blocked in 1% BSA for 20 minutes at room temperature, washed with ddH2O and PBS, and then probed with the primary antibody (ET1706-52) at 1/50 dilution for 0.5 hour at room temperature. The detection was performed using an HRP conjugated compact polymer system. DAB was used as the chromogen. Tissues were counterstained with hematoxylin and mounted with DPX.
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human tonsil tissue with Rabbit anti-Nuclear Matrix Protein p84 antibody (ET1706-52) at 1/50 dilution.
The section was pre-treated using heat mediated antigen retrieval with Tris-EDTA buffer (pH 9.0) for 20 minutes. The tissues were blocked in 1% BSA for 20 minutes at room temperature, washed with ddH2O and PBS, and then probed with the primary antibody (ET1706-52) at 1/50 dilution for 0.5 hour at room temperature. The detection was performed using an HRP conjugated compact polymer system. DAB was used as the chromogen. Tissues were counterstained with hematoxylin and mounted with DPX.
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human lung carcinoma tissue with Rabbit anti-Nuclear Matrix Protein p84 antibody (ET1706-52) at 1/50 dilution.
The section was pre-treated using heat mediated antigen retrieval with Tris-EDTA buffer (pH 9.0) for 20 minutes. The tissues were blocked in 1% BSA for 20 minutes at room temperature, washed with ddH2O and PBS, and then probed with the primary antibody (ET1706-52) at 1/50 dilution for 0.5 hour at room temperature. The detection was performed using an HRP conjugated compact polymer system. DAB was used as the chromogen. Tissues were counterstained with hematoxylin and mounted with DPX.
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded rat brain tissue with Rabbit anti-Nuclear Matrix Protein p84 antibody (ET1706-52) at 1/50 dilution.
The section was pre-treated using heat mediated antigen retrieval with Tris-EDTA buffer (pH 9.0) for 20 minutes. The tissues were blocked in 1% BSA for 20 minutes at room temperature, washed with ddH2O and PBS, and then probed with the primary antibody (ET1706-52) at 1/50 dilution for 0.5 hour at room temperature. The detection was performed using an HRP conjugated compact polymer system. DAB was used as the chromogen. Tissues were counterstained with hematoxylin and mounted with DPX.
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded rat testis tissue with Rabbit anti-Nuclear Matrix Protein p84 antibody (ET1706-52) at 1/50 dilution.
The section was pre-treated using heat mediated antigen retrieval with Tris-EDTA buffer (pH 9.0) for 20 minutes. The tissues were blocked in 1% BSA for 20 minutes at room temperature, washed with ddH2O and PBS, and then probed with the primary antibody (ET1706-52) at 1/50 dilution for 0.5 hour at room temperature. The detection was performed using an HRP conjugated compact polymer system. DAB was used as the chromogen. Tissues were counterstained with hematoxylin and mounted with DPX.
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded mouse brain tissue with Rabbit anti-Nuclear Matrix Protein p84 antibody (ET1706-52) at 1/200 dilution.
The section was pre-treated using heat mediated antigen retrieval with Tris-EDTA buffer (pH 9.0) for 20 minutes. The tissues were blocked in 1% BSA for 20 minutes at room temperature, washed with ddH2O and PBS, and then probed with the primary antibody (ET1706-52) at 1/200 dilution for 1 hour at room temperature. The detection was performed using an HRP conjugated compact polymer system. DAB was used as the chromogen. Tissues were counterstained with hematoxylin and mounted with DPX.
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded mouse spleen tissue with Rabbit anti-Nuclear Matrix Protein p84 antibody (ET1706-52) at 1/200 dilution.
The section was pre-treated using heat mediated antigen retrieval with Tris-EDTA buffer (pH 9.0) for 20 minutes. The tissues were blocked in 1% BSA for 20 minutes at room temperature, washed with ddH2O and PBS, and then probed with the primary antibody (ET1706-52) at 1/200 dilution for 1 hour at room temperature. The detection was performed using an HRP conjugated compact polymer system. DAB was used as the chromogen. Tissues were counterstained with hematoxylin and mounted with DPX.
Please note: All products are "FOR RESEARCH USE ONLY AND ARE NOT INTENDED FOR DIAGNOSTIC OR THERAPEUTIC USE"