Elmo (engulfment and cell motility) proteins share similarity to C. elegans CED-12. The C. elegans genes ced-2, ced-5, ced-10 and ced-12, and their mammalian homologs, CRKII, DOCK1, RAC1 and ELMO, mediate cytoskeletal rear-rangements during phagocytosis of apoptotic cells as well as cell motility. Elmo1 associates with DOCK 180 and may influence phagocytosis and effect cell shape changes. Src family kinase-mediated tyrosine phosphorylation of Elmo1 influences signaling through Elmo1/Crk/DOCK 180 pathways. Elmo2 interacts directly with Rho G in a GTP-dependent manner and forms a ternary complex with DOCK 180 to induce activation of Rac 1. The Rho G-Elmo2-DOCK 180 pathway is required for activation of Rac 1 and cell spreading mediated by integrin, as well as for neurite outgrowth induced by nerve growth factor. Elmo3 acts in assocation with DOCK 180 and Crk II and may be required in complex with DOCK 180 to activate Rac/Rho small GTPases.
Background References
1. Gumienny T L et al. CED-12/ELMO, a novel member of the CrkII/Dock180/Rac pathway, is required for phagocytosis and cell migration. Cell 107:27-41 (2001).
2. Brugnera E et al. Unconventional Rac-GEF activity is mediated through the Dock180-ELMO complex. Nat Cell Biol 4:574-582 (2002).
Tissue Specificity
Widely expressed, with a higher expression in the spleen and placenta.
Western blot analysis of ELMO1 on different lysates with Rabbit anti-ELMO1 antibody (ET7108-06) at 1/1,000 dilution.
Lane 1: SH-SY5Y cell lysate Lane 2: Raji cell lysate Lane 3: Mouse lung tissue lysate Lane 4: Mouse brain tissue lysate Lane 5: Rat brain tissue lysate Lane 6: Rat spleen tissue lysate
Lysates/proteins at 20 µg/Lane.
Predicted band size: 84 kDa Observed band size: 75 kDa
Exposure time: 30 seconds; ECL: K1801;
4-20% SDS-PAGE gel.
Proteins were transferred to a PVDF membrane and blocked with 5% NFDM/TBST for 1 hour at room temperature. The primary antibody (ET7108-06) at 1/1,000 dilution was used in 5% NFDM/TBST at 4℃ overnight. Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG - HRP Secondary Antibody (HA1001) at 1/50,000 dilution was used for 1 hour at room temperature.
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human appendix tissue with Rabbit anti-ELMO1 antibody (ET7108-06) at 1/200 dilution.
The section was pre-treated using heat mediated antigen retrieval with Tris-EDTA buffer (pH 9.0) for 20 minutes. The tissues were blocked in 1% BSA for 20 minutes at room temperature, washed with ddH2O and PBS, and then probed with the primary antibody (ET7108-06) at 1/200 dilution for 1 hour at room temperature. The detection was performed using an HRP conjugated compact polymer system. DAB was used as the chromogen. Tissues were counterstained with hematoxylin and mounted with DPX.
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded mouse spleen tissue with Rabbit anti-ELMO1 antibody (ET7108-06) at 1/200 dilution.
The section was pre-treated using heat mediated antigen retrieval with Tris-EDTA buffer (pH 9.0) for 20 minutes. The tissues were blocked in 1% BSA for 20 minutes at room temperature, washed with ddH2O and PBS, and then probed with the primary antibody (ET7108-06) at 1/200 dilution for 1 hour at room temperature. The detection was performed using an HRP conjugated compact polymer system. DAB was used as the chromogen. Tissues were counterstained with hematoxylin and mounted with DPX.
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded rat spleen tissue with Rabbit anti-ELMO1 antibody (ET7108-06) at 1/200 dilution.
The section was pre-treated using heat mediated antigen retrieval with Tris-EDTA buffer (pH 9.0) for 20 minutes. The tissues were blocked in 1% BSA for 20 minutes at room temperature, washed with ddH2O and PBS, and then probed with the primary antibody (ET7108-06) at 1/200 dilution for 1 hour at room temperature. The detection was performed using an HRP conjugated compact polymer system. DAB was used as the chromogen. Tissues were counterstained with hematoxylin and mounted with DPX.
ELMO1 was immunoprecipitated from 0.2 mg Raji cell lysate with ET7108-06 at 2 µg/10 µl beads. Western blot was performed from the immunoprecipitate using ET7108-06 at 1/1,000 dilution. Anti-Rabbit IgG for IP, AlpSdAbs® VHH(HRP) (025-100-005) at 1/5,000 dilution was used for 1 hour at room temperature.
Lane 1: Raji cell lysate (input) Lane 2: ET7108-06 IP in Raji cell lysate Lane 3: Rabbit IgG instead of ET7108-06 in Raji cell lysate