Transcriptional regulator implicated in neuronal determination. Mediates calcium-dependent transcription activation by binding to E box-containing promoter. Critical factor essential for the repression of the genetic program for neuronal differentiation; prevents the formation of synaptic vesicle clustering at active zone to the presynaptic membrane in postmitotic neurons. Induces transcription of ZEB1, which in turn represses neuronal differentiation by down-regulating REST expression. Plays a role in the establishment and maturation of thalamocortical connections; involved in the segregation of thalamic afferents into distinct barrel domains within layer VI of the somatosensory cortex. Involved in the development of the cerebellar and hippocampal granular neurons, neurons in the basolateral nucleus of amygdala and the hypothalamic-pituitary axis. Associates with chromatin to the DPYSL3 E box-containing promoter (By similarity).
Background References
1. Spellmann I. et. al. Associations of NEUROD2 polymorphisms and change of cognitive dysfunctions in schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder after eight weeks of antipsychotic treatment. Cogn Neuropsychiatry. 2017 Jul;22(4):280-297.
2. Agrawal R. et. al. p53 and miR-210 regulated NeuroD2, a neuronal basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor, is downregulated in glioblastoma patients and functions as a tumor suppressor under hypoxic microenvironment. Int J Cancer. 2018 May 1;142(9):1817-1828.
Tissue Specificity
Expressed in the external germinal layer (EGL) and internal granular layer (IGL) of the cerebellum (at protein level). Expressed in layers V and VI of the neocortex at postnatal day 1. Expressed in all layers of the neocortex at postnatal day 4. Strongly expressed in layer IV of the neocortex, particularly in the barrel cortex at postnatal day 7. Expressed in the CA1, CA2 and CA3 and dentate gyrus of the hippocampus and many nuclei such as the habenular thalamic nuclei, paraventricular hypothalamic nuclei, amygdala nuclei, and pyramidal nucleus. Expressed in granule cells, molecular layer neurons, and deep cerebella nuclei of the cerebellum. Expressed in brainstem neurons in the external cuneate nucleus and central gray.
Post-translational Modification
Ubiquitinated by the APC/C complex; leading to its degradation in neurons. The CDC20-APC/C-induced degradation of NEUROD2 drives presynaptic differentiation.
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded rat brain tissue with Rabbit anti-NeuroD2 antibody (ET7110-17) at 1/200 dilution.
The section was pre-treated using heat mediated antigen retrieval with sodium citrate buffer (pH 6.0) (high pressure) for 2 minutes. The tissues were blocked in 1% BSA for 20 minutes at room temperature, washed with ddH2O and PBS, and then probed with the primary antibody (ET7110-17) at 1/200 dilution for 1 hour at room temperature. The detection was performed using an HRP conjugated compact polymer system. DAB was used as the chromogen. Tissues were counterstained with hematoxylin and mounted with DPX.
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded mouse brain tissue with Rabbit anti-NeuroD2 antibody (ET7110-17) at 1/1,000 dilution.
The section was pre-treated using heat mediated antigen retrieval with sodium citrate buffer (pH 6.0) (high pressure) for 2 minutes. The tissues were blocked in 1% BSA for 20 minutes at room temperature, washed with ddH2O and PBS, and then probed with the primary antibody (ET7110-17) at 1/1,000 dilution for 1 hour at room temperature. The detection was performed using an HRP conjugated compact polymer system. DAB was used as the chromogen. Tissues were counterstained with hematoxylin and mounted with DPX.
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded mouse hippocampus tissue with Rabbit anti-NeuroD2 antibody (ET7110-17) at 1/1,000 dilution.
The section was pre-treated using heat mediated antigen retrieval with sodium citrate buffer (pH 6.0) (high pressure) for 2 minutes. The tissues were blocked in 1% BSA for 20 minutes at room temperature, washed with ddH2O and PBS, and then probed with the primary antibody (ET7110-17) at 1/1,000 dilution for 1 hour at room temperature. The detection was performed using an HRP conjugated compact polymer system. DAB was used as the chromogen. Tissues were counterstained with hematoxylin and mounted with DPX.
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