iFluor™ 647 Conjugated Vimentin Mouse Monoclonal Antibody [D4-B11]

Function

Vimentin is a structural protein that in humans is encoded by the VIM gene. Its name comes from the Latin vimentum which refers to an array of flexible rods. Vimentin is a type III intermediate filament (IF) protein that is expressed in mesenchymal cells. IF proteins are found in all animal cells[6] as well as bacteria. Intermediate filaments, along with tubulin-based microtubules and actin-based microfilaments, comprises the cytoskeleton. All IF proteins are expressed in a highly developmentally-regulated fashion; vimentin is the major cytoskeletal component of mesenchymal cells. Because of this, vimentin is often used as a marker of mesenchymally-derived cells or cells undergoing an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) during both normal development and metastatic progression. Vimentin plays a significant role in supporting and anchoring the position of the organelles in the cytosol. Vimentin is attached to the nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, and mitochondria, either laterally or terminally.

Background References

1. "Aurora-B regulates the cleavage furrow-specific vimentin phosphorylation in the cytokinetic process." Goto H., Yasui Y., Kawajiri A., Nigg E.A., Terada Y., Tatsuka M., Nagata K., Inagaki M. J. Biol. Chem. 278:8526-8530(2003)

2. "Specific in vivo phosphorylation sites determine the assembly dynamics of vimentin intermediate filaments." Eriksson J.E., He T., Trejo-Skalli A.V., Harmala-Brasken A.-S., Hellman J., Chou Y.-H., Goldman R.D. J. Cell Sci. 117:919-932(2004)

3. "The cellular distribution of serotonin transporter is impeded on serotonin-altered vimentin network." Ahmed B.A., Bukhari I.A., Jeffus B.C., Harney J.T., Thyparambil S., Ziu E., Fraer M., Rusch N.J., Zimniak P., Lupashin V., Tang D., Kilic F. PLoS ONE 4:E4730-E4730(2009)

Sequence Similarity

Belongs to the intermediate filament family.

Tissue Specificity

Highly expressed in fibroblasts, some expression in T- and B-lymphocytes, and little or no expression in Burkitt's lymphoma cell lines. Expressed in many hormone-independent mammary carcinoma cell lines.

Post-translational Modification

Filament disassembly during mitosis is promoted by phosphorylation at Ser-55 as well as by nestin (By similarity). One of the most prominent phosphoproteins in various cells of mesenchymal origin. Phosphorylation is enhanced during cell division, at which time vimentin filaments are significantly reorganized. Phosphorylation by PKN1 inhibits the formation of filaments. Phosphorylated at Ser-56 by CDK5 during neutrophil secretion in the cytoplasm. Phosphorylated by STK33. Phosphorylated on tyrosine residues by SRMS.; O-glycosylated during cytokinesis at sites identical or close to phosphorylation sites, this interferes with the phosphorylation status.; S-nitrosylation is induced by interferon-gamma and oxidatively-modified low-densitity lipoprotein (LDL(ox)) possibly implicating the iNOS-S100A8/9 transnitrosylase complex.

Subcellular Location

Cytoplasm

UNIPROT

SwissProt: P08670 Human

Synonyms

CTRCT30 antibody

Epididymis luminal protein 113 antibody

FLJ36605 antibody

HEL113 antibody

VIM antibody

VIME_HUMAN antibody

Vimentin antibody