S100 calcium-binding protein B (S100B) is a protein of the S100 protein family. S100 proteins are localized in the cytoplasm and nucleus of a wide range of cells, and involved in the regulation of a number of cellular processes such as cell cycle progression and differentiation. S100B is glial-specific and is expressed primarily by astrocytes, but not all astrocytes express S100B. It has been shown that S100B is only expressed by a subtype of mature astrocytes that ensheath blood vessels and by NG2-expressing cells. This protein may function in neurite extension, proliferation of melanoma cells, stimulation of Ca2+ fluxes, inhibition of PKC-mediated phosphorylation, astrocytosis and axonal proliferation, and inhibition of microtubule assembly. In the developing CNS it acts as a neurotrophic factor and neuronal survival protein. In the adult organism it is usually elevated due to nervous system damage, which makes it a potential clinical marker.
Background References
1. Duan K et al. S100-beta aggravates spinal cord injury via activation of M1 macrophage phenotype. J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact. 2021 Sep
2. Hanin A et al. Neuron Specific Enolase, S100-beta protein and progranulin as diagnostic biomarkers of status epilepticus. J Neurol. 2022 Jul
Immunofluorescence analysis of paraffin-embedded human malignant melanoma tissue labeling S100 beta. The section was pre-treated using heat mediated antigen retrieval with Tris-EDTA buffer (pH 9.0) for 20 minutes. The tissues were blocked in 10% negative goat serum for 1 hour at room temperature, washed with PBS. The section was then incubated overnight at +4℃ with HA720125F S100 beta (iFluor™ 594, red) at 1/100 dilution, washed with PBS. DAPI was used as nuclear counterstain.
Immunofluorescence analysis of paraffin-embedded human meningioma tissue labeling S100 beta. The section was pre-treated using heat mediated antigen retrieval with Tris-EDTA buffer (pH 9.0) for 20 minutes. The tissues were blocked in 10% negative goat serum for 1 hour at room temperature, washed with PBS. The section was then incubated overnight at +4℃ with HA720125F S100 beta (iFluor™ 594, red) at 1/100 dilution, washed with PBS. DAPI was used as nuclear counterstain.
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