Keratin, type I cytoskeletal 4 also known as cytokeratin-4 (CK-4) or keratin-4 (K4) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the KRT4 gene.Keratin 4 is a type II cytokeratin. It is specifically found in differentiated layers of the mucosal and esophageal epithelia together with keratin 13. Mutations in the genes encoding this protein have been associated with White Sponge Nevus, characterized by oral, esophageal, and anal leukoplakia.
Background References
1. Jacot TA. et al. Development of a composite measure of product adherence, protocol compliance, and semen exposure using DNA and protein biomarkers for topical HIV prevention studies. PLoS One 9:e114368 (2014).
2. Badylak SF. et al. Esophageal preservation in five male patients after endoscopic inner-layer circumferential resection in the setting of superficial cancer: a regenerative medicine approach with a biologic scaffold. Tissue Eng Part A 17:1643-50 (2011).
Immunofluorescence analysis of paraffin-embedded human tonsil tissue labeling Cytokeratin 4 (HA720128F) and Vimentin (EM0401).
The section was pre-treated using heat mediated antigen retrieval with Tris-EDTA buffer (pH 9.0) for 20 minutes. The tissues were blocked in 10% negative goat serum for 1 hour at room temperature, washed with PBS. And then probed with the primary antibodies Cytokeratin 4 (HA720128F, green) at 1/50 dilution and Vimentin (EM0401, red) at 1/1,000 dilution overnight at 4 ℃, washed with PBS.
iFluor™ 594 conjugate-Goat anti-Mouse IgG (HA1126) was used as the secondary antibody at 1/1,000 dilution. DAPI was used as nuclear counterstain.
Immunocytochemistry analysis of SK-Br-3 cells labeling Cytokeratin 4 with Rabbit anti-Cytokeratin 4 antibody (HA720128F) at 1/100 dilution.
Cells were fixed in 100% methanol for 10 minutes, permeabilized with 0.1% Triton X-100 in PBS for 15 minutes, and then blocked with 1% BSA for 30 minutes at room temperature. Cells were then incubated with Rabbit anti-Cytokeratin 4 antibody (HA720128F) at 1/100 dilution in 1% BSA overnight at 4 ℃. Nuclear DNA was labelled in blue with DAPI.
Beta tubulin (M1305-2, red) was stained at 1/200 dilution overnight at +4℃. Goat Anti-Mouse IgG H&L (iFluor™ 594, HA1126) were used as the secondary antibody at 1/800 dilution.
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