Cytokeratins comprise a diverse group of intermediate filament proteins (IFPs) that are expressed as pairs in both keratinized and non-keratinized epithelial tissue, where they constitute up to 85% of mature keratinocytes in the vertebrate epidermis. Cytokeratins play a critical role in differentiation and tissue specialization and function to maintain the overall structural integrity of epithelial cells. The alpha-helical coiled-coil dimers associate laterally end-to-end to form 10 nm diameter filaments. Cytokeratins, which are useful markers of tissue differentiation, also aid in the characterization of malignant tumors. IL-1 and TNFα induce transcription of cytokeratin 6 in epidermal keratinocytes via the C/EBP β transcription factor. In humans, multiple isoforms of cytokeratin 6 (6A-6F), encoded by several highly homologous genes, have distinct tissue expression patterns, and cytokeratin 6A is the dominant form in epithelial tissue. The gene encoding human cytokeratin 6A maps to chromosome 12q13, and mutations in this gene are linked to several inheritable hair and skin pathologies.
Background References
1. Kubo A., et al. 2013. Collapse of the keratin filament network through the expression of mutant keratin 6c observed in a case of focal plantar keratoderma. J. Dermatol. 40:553-557.
2. Akasaka E., et al. 2011. Diffuse and focal palmoplantar keratoderma can be caused by a keratin 6c mutation. Br. J. Dermatol. 165:1290-1292.
Immunocytochemistry analysis of A431 cells labeling Cytokeratin 6 with Rabbit anti-Cytokeratin 6 antibody (HA720143F) at 1/100 dilution.
Cells were fixed in 100% methanol for 10 minutes, permeabilized with 0.1% Triton X-100 in PBS for 15 minutes, and then blocked with 2% normal goat serum for 1 hour at 37℃. Cells were then incubated with Rabbit anti-Cytokeratin 6 antibody (HA720143F, red) at 1/100 dilution in 2% normal goat serum overnight at 4 ℃. Nuclear DNA was labelled in blue with DAPI.
Beta tubulin (M1305-2, green) was stained at 1/200 dilution overnight at +4℃. Goat Anti-Mouse IgG H&L (iFluor™ 488, HA1125) was used as the secondary antibody at 1/800 dilution.
Immunofluorescence analysis of paraffin-embedded human tonsil tissue labeling Cytokeratin 6 (HA720143F) and Vimentin (EM0401).
The section was pre-treated using heat mediated antigen retrieval with Tris-EDTA buffer (pH 9.0) for 20 minutes. The tissues were blocked in 10% negative goat serum for 1 hour at room temperature, washed with PBS. And then probed with the primary antibodies Cytokeratin 6 (HA720143F, red) at 1/100 dilution and Vimentin (EM0401, green) at 1/1,000 dilution overnight at 4 ℃, washed with PBS.
iFluor™ 488 conjugate-Goat anti-Mouse IgG (HA1125) was used as the secondary antibody at 1/1,000 dilution. DAPI was used as nuclear counterstain.
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