ATP-dependent Clp protease ATP-binding subunit clpX-like, mitochondrial is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CLPX gene. This protein is a member of the family of AAA Proteins (AAA+ ATPase) and is to form the protein complex of Clp protease. ClpX is an ATP-dependent chaperone that can recognize protein substrates by binding to protein degradation tags. These tags can be short unstructured peptide sequences (e.g., ssrA-tag in E coli). As an essential component of ClpP protease complex, ClpX recruits degradable substrates and unfolds their tertiary structure, which requires energy provided by ATP hydrolysis. Subsequently, these ClpX Chaperones transfer protein substrates into the proteolytic chamber formed by ClpP tetradecamer. In mammals, ClpXP protease is a pivotal contributor to mitochondrial protein quality control. A compromised ClpXP function usually leads to the accumulation of damaged proteins and mitochondrial dysfunctions, which believes to be potential causes for neurodegenerative diseases and aging.
Background References
1. Kang ZH. et. al. Progress and prospect of single-molecular ClpX ATPase researching system-a mini-review. Gene. 2021 Mar
2. Kester JC. et. al. ClpX Is Essential and Activated by Single-Strand DNA Binding Protein in Mycobacteria. J Bacteriol. 2021 Jan
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human testis tissue with Rabbit anti-CLPX antibody (HA721016) at 1/200 dilution.
The section was pre-treated using heat mediated antigen retrieval with Tris-EDTA buffer (pH 9.0) for 20 minutes. The tissues were blocked in 1% BSA for 20 minutes at room temperature, washed with ddH2O and PBS, and then probed with the primary antibody (HA721016) at 1/200 dilution for 1 hour at room temperature. The detection was performed using an HRP conjugated compact polymer system. DAB was used as the chromogen. Tissues were counterstained with hematoxylin and mounted with DPX.
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded mouse testis tissue with Rabbit anti-CLPX antibody (HA721016) at 1/1,000 dilution.
The section was pre-treated using heat mediated antigen retrieval with Tris-EDTA buffer (pH 9.0) for 20 minutes. The tissues were blocked in 1% BSA for 20 minutes at room temperature, washed with ddH2O and PBS, and then probed with the primary antibody (HA721016) at 1/1,000 dilution for 1 hour at room temperature. The detection was performed using an HRP conjugated compact polymer system. DAB was used as the chromogen. Tissues were counterstained with hematoxylin and mounted with DPX.
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded rat testis tissue with Rabbit anti-CLPX antibody (HA721016) at 1/1,000 dilution.
The section was pre-treated using heat mediated antigen retrieval with Tris-EDTA buffer (pH 9.0) for 20 minutes. The tissues were blocked in 1% BSA for 20 minutes at room temperature, washed with ddH2O and PBS, and then probed with the primary antibody (HA721016) at 1/1,000 dilution for 1 hour at room temperature. The detection was performed using an HRP conjugated compact polymer system. DAB was used as the chromogen. Tissues were counterstained with hematoxylin and mounted with DPX.
Immunocytochemistry analysis of NCI-H441 cells labeling CLPX with Rabbit anti-CLPX antibody (HA721016) at 1/50 dilution.
Cells were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde for 10 minutes at 37 ℃, permeabilized with 0.05% Triton X-100 in PBS for 20 minutes, and then blocked with 2% negative goat serum for 30 minutes at room temperature. Cells were then incubated with Rabbit anti-CLPX antibody (HA721016) at 1/50 dilution in 2% negative goat serum overnight at 4 ℃. Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (Alexa Fluor® 488) was used as the secondary antibody at 1/1,000 dilution. Nuclear DNA was labelled in blue with DAPI.
Beta tubulin (M1305-2, red) was stained at 1/200 dilution overnight at +4℃. Goat Anti-Mouse IgG H&L (iFluor™ 647, HA1127) were used as the secondary antibody at 1/1,000 dilution.
Western blot analysis of CLPX on different lysates with Rabbit anti-CLPX antibody (HA721016) at 1/1,000 dilution.
Lane 1: Hela (Human cervical cancer cell) cell lysate Lane 2: NIH/3T3 (Mouse embryonic cell) cell lysate Lane 3: Rat liver tissue lysate
Exposure time: 30 seconds; ECL: K1801
Blocking: 5% NFDM/TBST, 1 hour at room temperature Primary antibody: HA721016, 1/1,000 in 5% NFDM/TBST, overnight at 4 ℃ Secondary antibody: Goat anti- Rabbit IgG-HRP (HA1001), 1/50,000 in 5% NFDM/TBST, 1 hour at room temperature
Predicted band size: 69 kDa Observed band size: 69 kDa
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