CTAG1B (cancer/testis antigen 1), also known as NY-ESO-1 (Autoimmunogenic cancer/testis antigen) is an 18 kDa protein with putative roles in germ cell self-renewal and/or differentiation. Of cancer/testis (CT) antigens, CTAG1B is the most immunogenic CT antigen known to date. CTAG1B staining is predominantly cytoplasmic with focal nuclear expression. Tissue distribution is highly restricted in the normal adult; it is only detected in spermatogonia and primary spermatocytes within the testis. Surrounding non-gametogenic cells, including Sertoli cells and spermatids are negative. CTAG1B is also undetected in the ovaries. However, expression is observed in germ cells of the fetal testis and ovaries. In cancer, genome wide demethylation was shown to induce CTAG1B expression. Immunohistochemical expression has been demonstrated commonly in myxoid and round cell liposarcoma (89-100%), neuroblastoma (82%), synovial sarcoma (80%), melanoma (46%) and epithelial ovarian cancer (43%). Staining in lung, esophageal, liver, gastric, and bladder cancers has also been noted with lower prevalence. Immunoreactivity was only observed in tumor cells; no staining was present in adjacent cells. Furthermore, previous studies have correlated CTAG1B antigen expression with advance stage of disease and indicated a subset of more aggressive tumors that may be less susceptible to known treatments. CTAG1B antibody has been used for identification of myxoid and round cell liposarcoma.
Background References
1. Abdelaziz MM et al. Expression of CTAG1B clone EPR13780 versus DDIT3 gene rearrangement distinguishes myxoid liposarcoma from its mimics with detection of novel DDIT3 gene copy number variations. J Histotechnol. 2022 Jun
2. Lausenmeyer EM et al. Strong Expression of Cancertestis Antigens CTAG1B and MAGEA3 Is Correlated with Unfavourable Histopathological Features and MAGEA3 Is Associated with Worse Progression-Free Survival in Urothelial Bladder Cancer. Urol Int. 2019
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human testis tissue with Rabbit anti-CTAG1B antibody (HA721204) at 1/2,000 dilution.
The section was pre-treated using heat mediated antigen retrieval with Tris-EDTA buffer (pH 9.0) for 20 minutes. The tissues were blocked in 1% BSA for 20 minutes at room temperature, washed with ddH2O and PBS, and then probed with the primary antibody (HA721204) at 1/2,000 dilution for 1 hour at room temperature. The detection was performed using an HRP conjugated compact polymer system. DAB was used as the chromogen. Tissues were counterstained with hematoxylin and mounted with DPX.
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human stomach carcinoma tissue with Rabbit anti-CTAG1B antibody (HA721204) at 1/2,000 dilution.
The section was pre-treated using heat mediated antigen retrieval with Tris-EDTA buffer (pH 9.0) for 20 minutes. The tissues were blocked in 1% BSA for 20 minutes at room temperature, washed with ddH2O and PBS, and then probed with the primary antibody (HA721204) at 1/2,000 dilution for 1 hour at room temperature. The detection was performed using an HRP conjugated compact polymer system. DAB was used as the chromogen. Tissues were counterstained with hematoxylin and mounted with DPX.
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