AP2S1 Recombinant Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody [JE47-37]

Function

Component of the adaptor protein complex 2 (AP-2). Adaptor protein complexes function in protein transport via transport vesicles in different membrane traffic pathways. Adaptor protein complexes are vesicle coat components and appear to be involved in cargo selection and vesicle formation. AP-2 is involved in clathrin-dependent endocytosis in which cargo proteins are incorporated into vesicles surrounded by clathrin (clathrin-coated vesicles, CCVs) which are destined for fusion with the early endosome. The clathrin lattice serves as a mechanical scaffold but is itself unable to bind directly to membrane components. Clathrin-associated adaptor protein (AP) complexes which can bind directly to both the clathrin lattice and to the lipid and protein components of membranes are considered to be the major clathrin adaptors contributing the CCV formation. AP-2 also serves as a cargo receptor to selectively sort the membrane proteins involved in receptor-mediated endocytosis. AP-2 seems to play a role in the recycling of synaptic vesicle membranes from the presynaptic surface. AP-2 recognizes Y-X-X-[FILMV] (Y-X-X-Phi) and [ED]-X-X-X-L-[LI] endocytosis signal motifs within the cytosolic tails of transmembrane cargo molecules. AP-2 may also play a role in maintaining normal post-endocytic trafficking through the ARF6-regulated, non-clathrin pathway. The AP-2 alpha and AP-2 sigma subunits are thought to contribute to the recognition of the [ED]-X-X-X-L-[LI] motif.

Background References

1. Nesbit M.A., Hannan F.M., Howles S.A., Reed A.A., Cranston T., Thakker C.E., Gregory L., Rimmer A.J., Rust N., Thakker R.V. Mutations in AP2S1 cause familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia type 3. Nat. Genet. 45:93-97 (2013).

2. Lau A.W., Chou M.M. The adaptor complex AP-2 regulates post-endocytic trafficking through the non-clathrin Arf6-dependent endocytic pathway. J. Cell Sci. 121:4008-4017 (2008).

Subcellular Location

Cell membrane.

UNIPROT

SwissProt: P53680 Human

SwissProt: P62743 Mouse

SwissProt: P62744 Rat

Synonyms