Methylation of DNA can occur non-enzymatically at the nitrogen-three of the cytosine base through spontaneous exposure to endogenous S-adenosyl methionine (SAM). The resulting 3-methylcytosine (3-mC) is mutagenic and must be repaired, which occurs in humans through the base excision repair (BER) or dealkylation via human homologues of the E. coli AlkB protein. 3-methylcytosine is present in human cell lines and increased levels of 3-mC impair proliferation.
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☑ Cell treatment (CT)
Immunocytochemistry analysis of U-2 OS cells treated with 4mM Methyl Methanesulfonate for 1 hour labeling 3mC with Rabbit anti-3mC antibody (HA721957) at 1/100 dilution.
Cells were fixed in 70% ethyl alcohol for 5 minutes at room temperature, then subjected to acid hydrolysis using 2M HCl in TBST for 30 minutes at room temperature. Permeabilized with 0.1% Triton X-100 in PBS for 15 minutes, and then blocked with 2% BSA for 30 minutes at room temperature. Cells were then incubated with Rabbit anti-3mC antibody (HA721957) at 1/100 dilution in 1% BSA in PBST overnight at 4 ℃. Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (iFluor™ 488, HA1121) was used as the secondary antibody at 1/1,000 dilution. PBS instead of the primary antibody was used as the secondary antibody only control. Nuclear DNA was labelled in blue with DAPI.
Dot blot analysis of 3mC on different proteins with Rabbit anti-3mC antibody (HA721957) at 1/2,000 dilution. Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG - HRP Secondary Antibody (HA1001) at 1/50,000 dilution for 1 hour at room temperature.
Lane 1: Uridine-BSA (negative) Lane 2: Cytidine-BSA (negative) Lane 3: 5-Methylcytosine-BSA (negative) Lane 4: 3-Methylcytosine-BSA (positive) Lane 5: 5-Hydroxymethylcytidine-BSA (negative)
Proteins loading: 50ng, 25ng, 12.5ng, 6.25ng;
Blocking and dilution buffer: 5% NFDM/TBST;
Exposure time: 1 minute.
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