SATB2 (Special AT-rich sequence-binding protein 2) is a nuclear matrix protein that influences craniofacial formation mechanisms, such as jaw and palate development, and is part of a transcriptional network regulating skeletal development and osteoblast differentiation. Highly expressed in adult and fetal brain, SATB2 contains two CUT DNA-binding domains and one homeobox domain and is closely related to SATB1, a transcriptional repressor. SATB2 is thought to bind to matrix-attachment regions (MARs) and regulate MAR-dependent transcription of various genes, including HoxA2 and ATF4 (CREB-2), involved in skeletal development. Functioning as both a transcriptional activator and repressor, SATB2 can also act as a protein scaffold that can enhance the activity of other DNA-binding proteins. Defects in the gene encoding SATB2 are the cause of cleft palate manifested in conjunction with severe mental retardation.
Background References
1. Gu W et al. SATB2 preserves colon stem cell identity and mediates ileum-colon conversion via enhancer remodeling. Cell Stem Cell. 2022 Jan
2. Roy SK et al. SATB2 is a novel biomarker and therapeutic target for cancer. J Cell Mol Med. 2020 Oct
Immunofluorescence analysis of frozen mouse brain tissue with Rabbit anti-SATB2 antibody (HA722751) at 1/500 dilution.
The section was pre-treated using heat mediated antigen retrieval with sodium citrate buffer (pH 6.0) for about 2 minutes in microwave oven. The tissues were blocked in 10% negative goat serum for 1 hour at room temperature, washed with PBS, and then probed with the primary antibody (HA722751, green) at 1/500 dilution overnight at 4 ℃, washed with PBS. Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (iFluor™ 488, HA1121) was used as the secondary antibody at 1/1,000 dilution. Nuclei were counterstained with DAPI (blue).
Western blot analysis of SATB2 on different lysates with Rabbit anti-SATB2 antibody (HA722751) at 1/1,000 dilution.
Lane 1: Saos-2 cell lysate (20 µg/Lane) Lane 2: THP-1 cell lysate (20 µg/Lane) Lane 3: Mouse colon tissue lysate (40 µg/Lane) Lane 4: Rat brain tissue lysate (40 µg/Lane)
Predicted band size: 83 kDa Observed band size: 83 kDa
Exposure time: 59 seconds; ECL: K1801;
4-20% SDS-PAGE gel.
Proteins were transferred to a PVDF membrane and blocked with 5% NFDM/TBST for 1 hour at room temperature. The primary antibody (HA722751) at 1/1,000 dilution was used in 5% NFDM/TBST at 4℃ overnight. Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG - HRP Secondary Antibody (HA1001) at 1/50,000 dilution was used for 1 hour at room temperature.
Immunocytochemistry analysis of Saos-2 cells labeling SATB2 with Rabbit anti-SATB2 antibody (HA722751) at 1/100 dilution.
Cells were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde for 20 minutes at room temperature, permeabilized with 0.1% Triton X-100 in PBS for 5 minutes at room temperature, then blocked with 1% BSA in 10% negative goat serum for 1 hour at room temperature. Cells were then incubated with Rabbit anti-SATB2 antibody (HA722751) at 1/100 dilution in 1% BSA in PBST overnight at 4 ℃. Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (iFluor™ 488, HA1121) was used as the secondary antibody at 1/1,000 dilution. PBS instead of the primary antibody was used as the secondary antibody only control. Nuclear DNA was labelled in blue with DAPI.
Beta tubulin (M1305-2, red) was stained at 1/100 dilution overnight at +4℃. Goat Anti-Mouse IgG H&L (iFluor™ 594, HA1126) was used as the secondary antibody at 1/1,000 dilution.
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human colon tissue with Rabbit anti-SATB2 antibody (HA722751) at 1/200 dilution.
The section was pre-treated using heat mediated antigen retrieval with sodium citrate buffer (pH 6.0) (high pressure) for 2 minutes. The tissues were blocked in 1% BSA for 20 minutes at room temperature, washed with ddH2O and PBS, and then probed with the primary antibody (HA722751) at 1/200 dilution for 1 hour at room temperature. The detection was performed using an HRP conjugated compact polymer system. DAB was used as the chromogen. Tissues were counterstained with hematoxylin and mounted with DPX.
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded mouse colon tissue with Rabbit anti-SATB2 antibody (HA722751) at 1/200 dilution.
The section was pre-treated using heat mediated antigen retrieval with sodium citrate buffer (pH 6.0) (high pressure) for 2 minutes. The tissues were blocked in 1% BSA for 20 minutes at room temperature, washed with ddH2O and PBS, and then probed with the primary antibody (HA722751) at 1/200 dilution for 1 hour at room temperature. The detection was performed using an HRP conjugated compact polymer system. DAB was used as the chromogen. Tissues were counterstained with hematoxylin and mounted with DPX.
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded mouse brain tissue with Rabbit anti-SATB2 antibody (HA722751) at 1/200 dilution.
The section was pre-treated using heat mediated antigen retrieval with sodium citrate buffer (pH 6.0) (high pressure) for 2 minutes. The tissues were blocked in 1% BSA for 20 minutes at room temperature, washed with ddH2O and PBS, and then probed with the primary antibody (HA722751) at 1/200 dilution for 1 hour at room temperature. The detection was performed using an HRP conjugated compact polymer system. DAB was used as the chromogen. Tissues were counterstained with hematoxylin and mounted with DPX.
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded rat colon tissue with Rabbit anti-SATB2 antibody (HA722751) at 1/200 dilution.
The section was pre-treated using heat mediated antigen retrieval with sodium citrate buffer (pH 6.0) (high pressure) for 2 minutes. The tissues were blocked in 1% BSA for 20 minutes at room temperature, washed with ddH2O and PBS, and then probed with the primary antibody (HA722751) at 1/200 dilution for 1 hour at room temperature. The detection was performed using an HRP conjugated compact polymer system. DAB was used as the chromogen. Tissues were counterstained with hematoxylin and mounted with DPX.
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