Dynamin-1-like protein is a GTPase that regulates mitochondrial fission. In humans, dynamin-1-like protein, which is typically referred to as dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1), is encoded by the DNM1L gene and is part of the dynamin superfamily (DSP) family of proteins. Mitochondria routinely undergo fission and fusion events that maintain a dynamic reticular network. Drp1 is a fundamental component of mitochondrial fission. Indeed, Drp1 deficient neurons have large, strongly interconnected mitochondria due to dysfunctional fission machinery. Fission helps facilitate mitophagy, which is the breakdown and recycling of damaged mitochondria. Dysfunction in the DRP activity may result in mutated DNA or malfunctioning proteins diffusing throughout the mitochondrial system. In addition, fission results in fragmented mitochondria more capable of producing of reactive oxygen species, which can disrupt normal biochemical processes inside of cells. ROS can be formed from incomplete transfer of electrons through the electron transport chain. Furthermore, fission influences calcium flux within the cell, linking Drp1 to apoptosis and cancer.
Background References
1. Zeng X et al. Activated Drp1 regulates p62-mediated autophagic flux and aggravates inflammation in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion via the ROS-RIP1/RIP3-exosome axis. Mil Med Res. 2022 May
2. Jin JY et al. Drp1-dependent mitochondrial fission in cardiovascular disease. Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2021 May
Western blot analysis of Phospho-DRP1 (S616) on different lysates with Rabbit anti-Phospho-DRP1 (S616) antibody (HA722760) at 1/5,000 dilution and competitor's antibody at 1/1,000 dilution.
Lane 1: HeLa cell lysate Lane 2: HeLa treated with 100ng/mL Calyculin A for 30 minutes cell lysate Lane 3: NIH/3T3 cell lysate Lane 4: NIH/3T3 treated with 100ng/mL nocodazole for 18 hours cell lysate
Lysates/proteins at 20 µg/Lane.
Predicted band size: 82 kDa Observed band size: 75 kDa
Proteins were transferred to a PVDF membrane and blocked with 5% NFDM/TBST for 1 hour at room temperature. The primary antibody (HA722760) at 1/5,000 dilution and competitor's antibody at 1/1,000 dilution were used in 5% NFDM/TBST at 4℃ overnight. Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG - HRP Secondary Antibody (HA1001) at 1/50,000 dilution was used for 1 hour at room temperature.
Flow cytometric analysis of HeLa cells labeling Phospho-DRP1 (S616).
Cells were fixed and permeabilized. Then stained with the primary antibody (HA722760, 1/1,000) (red) compared with Rabbit IgG Isotype Control (green). After incubation of the primary antibody at +4℃ for an hour, the cells were stained with a iFluor™ 488 conjugate-Goat anti-Rabbit IgG Secondary antibody (HA1121) at 1/1,000 dilution for 30 minutes at +4℃. Unlabelled sample was used as a control (cells without incubation with primary antibody; black).
☑ Cell treatment (CT)
Western blot analysis of Phospho-DRP1 (S616) on different lysates with Rabbit anti-Phospho-DRP1 (S616) antibody (HA722760) at 1/1,000 dilution.
Lane 1: HeLa cell lysate Lane 2: C2C12 cell lysate Lane 3: PC-12 cell lysate Lane 4: HeLa cell lysate, the membrane blocked with phospho-peptide Lane 5: C2C12 cell lysate, the membrane blocked with phospho-peptide Lane 6: PC-12 cell lysate, the membrane blocked with phospho-peptide Lane 7: HeLa cell lysate, the membrane blocked with non-phospho-peptide Lane 8: C2C12 cell lysate, the membrane blocked with non-phospho-peptide Lane 9: PC-12 cell lysate, the membrane blocked with non-phospho-peptide
Lysates/proteins at 20 µg/Lane.
Predicted band size: 82 kDa Observed band size: 75 kDa
Proteins were transferred to a PVDF membrane and blocked with 5% NFDM/TBST for 1 hour at room temperature. The primary antibody (HA722760) at 1/1,000 dilution was used in 5% NFDM/TBST at room temperature for 2 hours. Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG - HRP Secondary Antibody (HA1001) at 1/50,000 dilution was used for 1 hour at room temperature.
☑ Cell treatment (CT)
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded mouse brain tissue with Rabbit anti-Phospho-DRP1 (S616) antibody (HA722760) at 1/10,000 dilution.
The section was pre-treated using heat mediated antigen retrieval with Tris-EDTA buffer (pH 9.0) for 20 minutes. The tissues were blocked in 1% BSA for 20 minutes at room temperature, washed with ddH2O and PBS, and then probed with the primary antibody (HA722760) at 1/10,000 dilution for 1 hour at room temperature. The detection was performed using an HRP conjugated compact polymer system. DAB was used as the chromogen. Tissues were counterstained with hematoxylin and mounted with DPX.
Western blot analysis of Phospho-DRP1 (S616) on different lysates with Rabbit anti-Phospho-DRP1 (S616) antibody (HA722760) at 1/1,000 dilution.
Lane 1: HeLa cell lysate Lane 2: Jurkat cell lysate Lane 3: HEK-293 cell lysate Lane 4: NIH/3T3 cell lysate Lane 5: C2C12 cell lysate Lane 6: PC-12 cell lysate Lane 7: Human brain tissue lysate Lane 8: Mouse brain tissue lysate Lane 9: Mouse heart tissue lysate Lane 10: Rat brain tissue lysate Lane 11: Rat heart tissue lysate
Lysates/proteins at 20 µg/Lane.
Predicted band size: 82 kDa Observed band size: 75 kDa
Exposure time: 20 seconds; ECL: K1801;
4-20% SDS-PAGE gel.
Proteins were transferred to a PVDF membrane and blocked with 5% NFDM/TBST for 1 hour at room temperature. The primary antibody (HA722760) at 1/1,000 dilution was used in 5% NFDM/TBST at 4℃ overnight. Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG - HRP Secondary Antibody (HA1001) at 1/50,000 dilution was used for 1 hour at room temperature.
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded rat brain tissue with Rabbit anti-Phospho-DRP1 (S616) antibody (HA722760) at 1/10,000 dilution.
The section was pre-treated using heat mediated antigen retrieval with Tris-EDTA buffer (pH 9.0) for 20 minutes. The tissues were blocked in 1% BSA for 20 minutes at room temperature, washed with ddH2O and PBS, and then probed with the primary antibody (HA722760) at 1/10,000 dilution for 1 hour at room temperature. The detection was performed using an HRP conjugated compact polymer system. DAB was used as the chromogen. Tissues were counterstained with hematoxylin and mounted with DPX.
Immunocytochemistry analysis of HeLa cells labeling Phospho-DRP1 (S616) with Rabbit anti-Phospho-DRP1 (S616) antibody (HA722760) at 1/100 dilution.
Cells were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde for 20 minutes at room temperature, permeabilized with 0.1% Triton X-100 in PBS for 5 minutes at room temperature, then blocked with 1% BSA in 10% negative goat serum for 1 hour at room temperature. Cells were then incubated with Rabbit anti-Phospho-DRP1 (S616) antibody (HA722760) at 1/100 dilution in 1% BSA in PBST overnight at 4 ℃. Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (iFluor™ 488, HA1121) was used as the secondary antibody at 1/1,000 dilution. PBS instead of the primary antibody was used as the secondary antibody only control. Nuclear DNA was labelled in blue with DAPI. Beta tubulin (M1305-2, red) was stained at 1/100 dilution overnight at +4℃. Goat Anti-Mouse IgG H&L (iFluor™ 594, HA1126) was used as the secondary antibody at 1/1,000 dilution.
Immunocytochemistry analysis of PC-12 cells labeling Phospho-DRP1 (S616) with Rabbit anti-Phospho-DRP1 (S616) antibody (HA722760) at 1/100 dilution.
Cells were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde for 20 minutes at room temperature, permeabilized with 0.1% Triton X-100 in PBS for 5 minutes at room temperature, then blocked with 1% BSA in 10% negative goat serum for 1 hour at room temperature. Cells were then incubated with Rabbit anti-Phospho-DRP1 (S616) antibody (HA722760) at 1/100 dilution in 1% BSA in PBST overnight at 4 ℃. Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (iFluor™ 488, HA1121) was used as the secondary antibody at 1/1,000 dilution. PBS instead of the primary antibody was used as the secondary antibody only control. Nuclear DNA was labelled in blue with DAPI. Beta tubulin (M1305-2, red) was stained at 1/100 dilution overnight at +4℃. Goat Anti-Mouse IgG H&L (iFluor™ 594, HA1126) was used as the secondary antibody at 1/1,000 dilution.
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