Phospho-AMPK alpha 1 (S485) Recombinant Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody [PSH18-01]

Function

AMPK (5'-AMP-activated protein kinase) is a heterotrimeric complex comprising a catalytic α subunit and regulatory β and γ subunits. It protects cells from stresses that cause ATP depletion by switching off ATP-consuming bio-synthetic pathways. AMPK is activated by high AMP and low ATP through a mechanism involving allosteric regulation, promotion of phosphorylation by an upstream protein kinase known as AMPK kinase, and inhibition of dephosphorylation. Activated AMPK can phosphorylate and regulate in vivo hydroxy-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase and acetyl-CoA carboxylase, which are key regulatory enzymes of sterol synthesis and fatty acid synthesis, respectively. AMPKα1 (5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1), also known as PRKAA1, is a 559 amino acid protein that belongs to the CAMK Ser/Thr protein kinase family and protein kinase superfamily. Highly phosphorylated, AMPKα1 exists as two alternatively spliced isoforms and is encoded by a gene that maps to human chromosome 5p13.1.

Background References

1. Chang TJ et al. Glucagon-like peptide-1 prevents methylglyoxal-induced apoptosis of beta cells through improving mitochondrial function and suppressing prolonged AMPK activation. Sci Rep 6:23403 (2016).

2. Wang YG & Yang TL Liraglutide reduces fatty degeneration in hepatic cells via the AMPK/SREBP1 pathway. Exp Ther Med 10:1777-1783 (2015).

Sequence Similarity

Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. CAMK Ser/Thr protein kinase family. SNF1 subfamily.

Post-translational Modification

Ubiquitinated.; Phosphorylated at Thr-183 by STK11/LKB1 in complex with STE20-related adapter-alpha (STRADA) pseudo kinase and CAB39. Also phosphorylated at Thr-183 by CAMKK2; triggered by a rise in intracellular calcium ions, without detectable changes in the AMP/ATP ratio. CAMKK1 can also phosphorylate Thr-183, but at a much lower level. Dephosphorylated by protein phosphatase 2A and 2C (PP2A and PP2C). Phosphorylated by ULK1 and ULK2; leading to negatively regulate AMPK activity and suggesting the existence of a regulatory feedback loop between ULK1, ULK2 and AMPK. Dephosphorylated by PPM1A and PPM1B.

Subcellular Location

Nucleus, Cytoplasm.

UNIPROT

SwissProt: Q13131 Human

SwissProt: Q5EG47 Mouse

SwissProt: P54645 Rat

Synonyms