AKT1/2/3 Recombinant Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody - BSA and Azide free [ST48-09] (HA750179)

UNIPROT #

P31749

PROTEIN NAME

AKT1/2/3

SYNONYMS

AKT antibody;AKT1 antibody;AKT1 kinase antibody;AKT1m antibody;AKT2 antibody;AKT2 kinase antibody;Akt3 antibody;AKT3_HUMAN antibody;CAKT antibody;CWS6 antibody;DKFZp434N0250 antibody;HIHGHH antibody;kinase Akt1 antibody;MGC99656 antibody;MPPH antibody;Murine thymoma viral (v-akt) homolog 2 antibody;PKB ALPHA antibody;PKB antibody;PKB beta antibody;PKB gamma antibody;PKB-GAMMA antibody;PKB/Akt antibody;PKBALPHA antibody;PKBB antibody;PKBBETA antibody;PKBG antibody;PKBGAMMA antibody;PRKBA antibody;PRKBB antibody;PRKBG antibody;Protein kinase Akt 2 antibody;Protein kinase Akt-3 antibody;Protein kinase B alpha antibody;Protein kinase B antibody;Protein kinase B beta antibody;Protein kinase B gamma antibody;Proto oncogene c Akt antibody;RAC ALPHA antibody;RAC alpha serine/threonine protein kinase antibody;RAC antibody;RAC BETA antibody;RAC beta serine/threonine protein kinase antibody;RAC PK alpha antibody;RAC PK beta antibody;rac protein kinase alpha antibody;rac protein kinase beta antibody;RAC-gamma antibody;RAC-gamma serine/threonine-protein kinase antibody;RAC-PK-gamma antibody;RACALPHA antibody;RACalpha serine/threonine kinase antibody;RACBETA antibody;RACgamma antibody;RACgamma serine/threonine protein kinase antibody;RACPKgamma antibody;serine threonine protein kinase antibody;STK-2 antibody;STK2 antibody;thymoma viral proto oncogene 1 antibody;thymoma viral proto oncogene antibody;V akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog 1 antibody;V akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog 2 antibody;V akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog 3 (protein kinase B, gamma) antibody;V akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog 3 antibody;vakt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog 1 antibody;vakt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog 2 antibody;vakt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog 3 antibody

SEQUENCE SIMILARITIES

Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. AGC Ser/Thr protein kinase family. RAC subfamily.

TISSUE SPECIFICITY

Expressed in prostate cancer and levels increase from the normal to the malignant state (at protein level). Expressed in all human cell types so far analyzed. The Tyr-176 phosphorylated form shows a significant increase in expression in breast cancers during the progressive stages i.e. normal to hyperplasia (ADH), ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) and lymph node metastatic (LNMM) stages.

POST-TRANSLATIONAL MODIFICATION

O-GlcNAcylation at Thr-305 and Thr-312 inhibits activating phosphorylation at Thr-308 via disrupting the interaction between AKT1 and PDPK1. O-GlcNAcylation at Ser-473 also probably interferes with phosphorylation at this site.; Phosphorylation on Thr-308, Ser-473 and Tyr-474 is required for full activity. Activated TNK2 phosphorylates it on Tyr-176 resulting in its binding to the anionic plasma membrane phospholipid PA. This phosphorylated form localizes to the cell membrane, where it is targeted by PDPK1 and PDPK2 for further phosphorylations on Thr-308 and Ser-473 leading to its activation. Ser-473 phosphorylation by mTORC2 favors Thr-308 phosphorylation by PDPK1. Phosphorylated at Thr-308 and Ser-473 by IKBKE and TBK1. Ser-473 phosphorylation is enhanced by interaction with AGAP2 isoform 2 (PIKE-A). Ser-473 phosphorylation is enhanced in focal cortical dysplasias with Taylor-type balloon cells. Ser-473 phosphorylation is enhanced by signaling through activated FLT3 (By similarity). Ser-473 is dephosphorylated by PHLPP. Dephosphorylated at Thr-308 and Ser-473 by PP2A phosphatase. The phosphorylated form of PPP2R5B is required for bridging AKT1 with PP2A phosphatase. Ser-473 is dephosphorylated by CPPED1, leading to termination of signaling.; Ubiquitinated via 'Lys-48'-linked polyubiquitination by ZNRF1, leading to its degradation by the proteasome (By similarity). Ubiquitinated; undergoes both 'Lys-48'- and 'Lys-63'-linked polyubiquitination. TRAF6-induced 'Lys-63'-linked AKT1 ubiquitination is critical for phosphorylation and activation. When ubiquitinated, it translocates to the plasma membrane, where it becomes phosphorylated. When fully phosphorylated and translocated into the nucleus, undergoes 'Lys-48'-polyubiquitination catalyzed by TTC3, leading to its degradation by the proteasome. Also ubiquitinated by TRIM13 leading to its proteasomal degradation. Phosphorylated, undergoes 'Lys-48'-linked polyubiquitination preferentially at Lys-284 catalyzed by MUL1, leading to its proteasomal degradation.; Acetylated on Lys-14 and Lys-20 by the histone acetyltransferases EP300 and KAT2B. Acetylation results in reduced phosphorylation and inhibition of activity. Deacetylated at Lys-14 and Lys-20 by SIRT1. SIRT1-mediated deacetylation relieves the inhibition.

SUBCELLULAR LOCATION

Cell membrane, Cytoplasm, Membrane, Nucleus.

FUNCTION

The serine/threonine kinase Akt family contains several members, including Akt1 (also designated PKB or RacPK), Akt2 (also designated PKBβ or RacPK-β) and Akt 3 (also designated PKBγ or thyoma viral proto-oncogene 3), which exhibit sequence homology with the protein kinase A and C families and are encoded by the c-Akt proto-oncogene. All members of the Akt family have a pleckstrin homology domain. Akt1 and Akt2 are activated by PDGF stimulation. This activation is dependent on PDGFR-β tyrosine residues 740 and 751, which bind the subunit of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI 3-kinase) complex. Activation of Akt1 by insulin or insulin-growth factor-1(IGF-1) results in phosphorylation of both Thr 308 and Ser 473. Phosphorylation of both residues is important to generate a high level of Akt1 activity, and the phosphorylation of Thr 308 is not dependent on phosphorylation of Ser 473 in vivo. Thus, Akt proteins become phosphorylated and activated in insulin/IGF-1-stimulated cells by an upstream kinase(s). The activation of Akt1 and Akt2 is inhibited by the PI kinase inhibitor wortmannin, suggesting that the protein signals downstream of the PI kinases.