S100A9 Recombinant Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody

Function

The family of EF-hand type Ca²⁺-binding proteins includes Calbindin (previously designated vitamin D-dependent Ca²⁺-binding protein), S-100α and β, Calgranulin A (also designated MRP8), Calgranulin B (also designated MRP14) and Calgranulin C (S-100 like protein), and the parvalbumin family members, including parvalbumin α and parvalbumin β (also designated oncomodulin). Calbindin, S-100 proteins and parvalbumin proteins are each expressed in neural tissues. In addition, S-100α and β are present in a variety of other tissues, and Calbindin is present in intestine and kidney. Parvalbumin α is also found in fast-contracting/relaxing skeletal muscle fibers and parvalbumin β is found in many tumor tissues as well as in the organ of Corti. Calbindin, S-100 proteins and parvalbulmins have all been detected in leydig cells and testis. These proteins are thought to play a role in hormone production and spermatogenesis. Calgranulin is expressed in macrophages and epithelial cells.

Background References

1. Saul MJ et al. UPF1 regulates myeloid cell functions and S100A9 expression by the hnRNP E2/miRNA-328 balance. Sci Rep 6:31995 (2016).

2. Dey J et al. A Platform for Rapid, Quantitative Assessment of Multiple Drug Combinations Simultaneously in Solid Tumors In Vivo. PLoS One 11:e0158617 (2016).

Sequence Similarity

Belongs to the S-100 family.

Tissue Specificity

Calprotectin (S100A8/9) is predominantly expressed in myeloid cells. Except for inflammatory conditions, the expression is restricted to a specific stage of myeloid differentiation since both proteins are expressed in circulating neutrophils and monocytes but are absent in normal tissue macrophages and lymphocytes. Under chronic inflammatory conditions, such as psoriasis and malignant disorders, also expressed in the epidermis. Found in high concentrations at local sites of inflammation or in the serum of patients with inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid, cystic fibrosis, inflammatory bowel disease, Crohn's disease, giant cell arteritis, cystic fibrosis, Sjogren's syndrome, systemic lupus erythematosus, and progressive systemic sclerosis. Involved in the formation and deposition of amyloids in the aging prostate known as corpora amylacea inclusions. Strongly up-regulated in many tumors, including gastric, esophageal, colon, pancreatic, bladder, ovarian, thyroid, breast and skin cancers.

Post-translational Modification

Phosphorylated. Phosphorylation inhibits activation of tubulin polymerization.; S-nitrosylation of Cys-3 is implicated in LDL(ox)-induced S-nitrosylation of GAPDH at 'Cys-247' through a transnitrosylase mechanism involving a iNOS-S100A8/9 complex.

Subcellular Location

Secreted, Cytoplasm, Cell membrane.

UNIPROT

SwissProt: P06702 Human

Synonyms