IDO Recombinant Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody

Function

Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) is an IFN-γ inducible enzyme that catalyzes the degradation of the essential amino acid L-tryptophan to N-formylkynurenine. The gene encoding human IDO maps to chromosome 8p12-p11. IDO, also known as INDO, is an important modulator of immunological responses and protects allogeneic concepti from alloreactive maternal lymphocytes. IDO mediates an interesting inhibitory effect of HeLa cells co-cultured with human PBLs. The ILN-2-induced proliferation response of PBLs is diminished in the presence of HeLa cells while an IDO inhbitor negates this effect. Flow cytometric analysis indicates both mature and immature CD123-positive dentritic cells suppress T cell activity using IDO. IDO-transfected cells co-cultured with T cells reduces T cell proliferation. Additionally, adopted transfer of donor T cells reduces donor T cell numbers in IDO-transgenic mice. The pharmacological or genetic manipulation of IDO may be useful for supressing undesirable T cell response.

Background References

1. Munn D.H et al. Indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase and metabolic control of immune responses. Trends Immunol 34:137-143 (2013).

2. Schmidt S.V et al. New insights into IDO biology in bacterial and viral infections. Front Immunol 5:384-384 (2014).

Sequence Similarity

Belongs to the indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase family.

Tissue Specificity

Expressed in mature dendritic cells located in lymphoid organs (including lymph nodes, spleen, tonsils, Peyers's patches, the gut lamina propria, and the thymic medulla), in some epithelial cells of the female genital tract, as well as in endothelial cells of term placenta and in lung parenchyma. Weakly or not expressed in most normal tissues, but mostly inducible in most tissues. Expressed in more than 50% of tumors, either by tumoral, stromal, or endothelial cells (expression in tumor is associated with a worse clinical outcome). Not overexpressed in tumor-draining lymph nodes.

Subcellular Location

Cytoplasm.

UNIPROT

SwissProt: P14902 Human

Synonyms