CD20 Recombinant Antibody - Rat IgG1 (Chimeric) (IRS113RT)

UNIPROT #

P11836

PROTEIN NAME

CD20

SYNONYMS

APY antibody;ATOPY antibody;B lymphocyte antigen CD20 antibody;B Lymphocyte Cell Surface Antigen B1 antibody;B-lymphocyte antigen CD20 antibody;B-lymphocyte cell-surface antigen B1 antibody;B-lymphocyte surface antigen B1 antibody;B1 antibody;Bp 35 antibody;Bp35 antibody;CD 20 antibody;CD20 antibody;CD20 antigen antibody;CD20 receptor antibody;CD20_HUMAN antibody;CVID 5 antibody;CVID5 antibody;Fc epsilon receptor I beta chain antibody;Fc Fragment of IgE high affinity I receptor for beta polypeptide antibody;FCER1B antibody;High affinity immunoglobulin epsilon receptor subunit beta antibody;IgE Fc receptor subunit beta antibody;IGEL antibody;IGER antibody;IGHER antibody;LEU 16 antibody;Leu-16 antibody;LEU16 antibody;leukocyte surface antigen Leu 16 antibody;Leukocyte surface antigen Leu-16 antibody;Ly44 antibody;Membrane spanning 4 domains A1 antibody;Membrane spanning 4 domains subfamily A member 2 antibody;membrane-spanning 4-domains A1 antibody;Membrane-spanning 4-domains subfamily A member 1 antibody;MGC3969 antibody;MS4A1 antibody;MS4A2 antibody;S7 antibody

SUBCELLULAR LOCATION

Cell membrane.

FUNCTION

The CD20 antigen is a membrane-embedded, non-glycosylated phosphoprotein, 33-37 kDa. CD20 functions as a Ca2+-permeable cation channel, involved in the regulation of B-cell activation, proliferation and differentiation. CD20 appears on the surface of the pre-B lymphocyte between the time of light chain rearrangement and expression of intact surface immunoglobulin and is lost just before terminal B-cell differentiation into plasma cells. CD20 is virtually specific for normal B-cells. A weak expression has been demonstrated in a subpopulation of T-cells, but not in any other cell type. CD20 is expressed in the large majority of cases of B-cell leukaemia/lymphoma. Early stage precursor B lymphoblastic leukaemia/lymphoma may be negative, and chronic lymphocytic leukaemia/small cell lymphoma may show a weak staining. Plasma cell neoplasms are as a rule CD20 negative. T-cell lymphomas are almost always negative, but CD20 has been demonstrated in few cases of various types of T-cell lymphoma. In Hodgkin lymphoma, the nodular lymphocyte-predominant subtype shows CD20 staining of L&H cells in most cases, while Reed-Sternberg cells in the other subtypes reveal CD20 positivity in about 40, albeit in a minority of neoplastic cells. Acute myeloid leukaemia is CD20 positive in few cases, while blastic transformation in chronic myeloid leukaemia is accompanied by CD20 positivity in about 30%. Thymoma may reveal CD20 positivity in a spindle cell component. In patients treated with retuximab (a humanized anti-CD20 antibody) for malignant B-cell lymphoma, the CD20 epitopes disappear (both in normal and neoplastic B-cells) as a result of down-modulation of CD20 m-RNA in the cells. This process is potentially reversible. Together with CD79a, CD20 is one of the most important markers for the identification of B-cell neoplasms as outlined above. Tonsil and appendix are appropriate controls: The mantle zone B-cells and the germinal centre B-cells must show a very strong staining reaction. No other cells should stain.