Phospho-ATR (T1989) Rabbit Polyclonal Antibody

Function

Serine/threonine protein kinase which activates checkpoint signaling upon genotoxic stresses such as ionizing radiation (IR), ultraviolet light (UV), or DNA replication stalling, thereby acting as a DNA damage sensor. Recognizes the substrate consensus sequence [ST]-Q. Phosphorylates BRCA1, CHEK1, MCM2, RAD17, RPA2, SMC1 and p53/TP53, which collectively inhibit DNA replication and mitosis and promote DNA repair, recombination and apoptosis. Phosphorylates 'Ser-139' of histone variant H2AX at sites of DNA damage, thereby regulating DNA damage response mechanism. Required for FANCD2 ubiquitination. Critical for maintenance of fragile site stability and efficient regulation of centrosome duplication. Positively regulates the restart of stalled replication forks following activation by the KHDC3L-OOEP scaffold complex. Depending on the cell type, it can also be found in PML nuclear bodies. Recruited to chromatin during S-phase. Redistributes to discrete nuclear foci upon DNA damage, hypoxia or replication fork stalling. Ubiquitous, with highest expression in testis. Isoform 2 is found in pancreas, placenta and liver but not in heart, testis and ovary.

Background References

1. Hanaki S., Habara M., Shimada M. UV-induced activation of ATR is mediated by UHRF2. Genes Cells 26:447-454(2021)

2. Bass T.E., Luzwick J.W., Kavanaugh G., Carroll C., Dungrawala H., Glick G.G., Feldkamp M.D., Putney R., Chazin W.J., Cortez D. ETAA1 acts at stalled replication forks to maintain genome integrity. Nat. Cell Biol. 18:1185-1195(2016)

Subcellular Location

Nucleus, Chromosome.

UNIPROT

SwissProt: Q13535 Human

Synonyms