ESD (esterase D) is also known as S-formylglutathione hydrolase and is a 282 amino acid protein that is a member of the esterase D family. ESD is highly expressed in placenta, kidney, liver and erythrocytes, and is localized to the cytoplasm, as well as to cytoplasmic vesicles. The main function of ESD is to detoxify formaldehyde while providing energy. Formaldehyde is oxidized by ADH5 which yields S-formylglutathione. ESD then catalyzes the hydrolysis of S-formylglutathione to the reduced forms of formic acid and glutathione. In addition, ESD hydrolyzes a variety of different neutral ester substrates and can act as a carboxylesterase. ESD may also act as a cysteine hydrolase which is inactivated by thiol alkylating agents. ESD gene polymorphism can lead to reduced enzymatic activity which may cause susceptibility to many conditions, including toxic liver cirrhosis, retinoblastoma, obesity and autism.
Proteins were transferred to a PVDF membrane and blocked with 5% NFDM/TBST for 1 hour at room temperature. The primary antibody (R1511-9) at 1/5,000 dilution was used in K1803 at 4℃ overnight. Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG - HRP Secondary Antibody (HA1001) at 1/50,000 dilution was used for 1 hour at room temperature.
ICC staining ESD in Hela cells (green). The nuclear counter stain is DAPI (blue). Cells were fixed in paraformaldehyde, permeabilised with 0.25% Triton X100/PBS.
ICC staining ESD in LOVO cells (green). The nuclear counter stain is DAPI (blue). Cells were fixed in paraformaldehyde, permeabilised with 0.25% Triton X100/PBS.
ICC staining ESD in SW480 cells (green). The nuclear counter stain is DAPI (blue). Cells were fixed in paraformaldehyde, permeabilised with 0.25% Triton X100/PBS.
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human prostate tissue using anti-ESD antibody. Counter stained with hematoxylin.
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human pancreas tissue using anti-ESD antibody. Counter stained with hematoxylin.
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded mouse colon tissue using anti-e=ESD antibody. Counter stained with hematoxylin.
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