HRP Conjugated beta Tubulin Recombinant Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody [JF41-50]

Function

Tubulin is a major cytoskeleton component that has five distinct forms, designated α, β, γ, δ and e Tubulin. α and β Tubulins form heterodimers which multimerize to form a microtubule filament. Multiple β Tubulin isoforms (β1, β2, β3, β4, β5, β6 and β8) have been characterized and are expressed in mammalian tissues. β1 and β4 are present throughout the cytosol, β2 is present in the nuclei and nucleoplasm, and β3 is a neuron-specific cytoskeletal protein. γ Tubulin forms the gammasome, which is required for nucleating microtubule filaments at the centrosome. Both δ Tubulin and e Tubulin are associated with the centrosome. δ Tubulin is a homolog of the Chlamydomonas δ Tubulin Uni3 and is found in association with the centrioles, whereas e Tubulin localizes to the pericentriolar material. e Tubulin exhibits a cell-cycle-specific pattern of localization, first associating with only the older of the centrosomes in a newly duplicated pair and later associating with both centrosomes.

Background References

1. Hedberg ML et al. Genetic landscape of metastatic and recurrent head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. J Clin Invest 126:169-80 (2016).

2. Huang R et al. The role of HDAC2 in chromatin remodelling and response to chemotherapy in ovarian cancer. Oncotarget 7:4695-711 (2016).

Sequence Similarity

Belongs to the tubulin family.

Tissue Specificity

Ubiquitously expressed with highest levels in spleen, thymus and immature brain.

Post-translational Modification

Some glutamate residues at the C-terminus are polyglutamylated, resulting in polyglutamate chains on the gamma-carboxyl group. Polyglutamylation plays a key role in microtubule severing by spastin (SPAST). SPAST preferentially recognizes and acts on microtubules decorated with short polyglutamate tails: severing activity by SPAST increases as the number of glutamates per tubulin rises from one to eight, but decreases beyond this glutamylation threshold.; Some glutamate residues at the C-terminus are monoglycylated but not polyglycylated due to the absence of functional TTLL10 in human. Monoglycylation is mainly limited to tubulin incorporated into axonemes (cilia and flagella). Both polyglutamylation and monoglycylation can coexist on the same protein on adjacent residues, and lowering glycylation levels increases polyglutamylation, and reciprocally. The precise function of monoglycylation is still unclear (Probable).; Phosphorylated on Ser-172 by CDK1 during the cell cycle, from metaphase to telophase, but not in interphase. This phosphorylation inhibits tubulin incorporation into microtubules.

Subcellular Location

Cytoskeleton.

UNIPROT

SwissProt: P07437 Human

SwissProt: P99024 Mouse

SwissProt: P69897 Rat

Synonyms