Follistatin also known as activin-binding protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FST gene. Follistatin is an autocrine glycoprotein that is expressed in nearly all tissues of higher animals. Its primary function is the binding and bioneutralization of members of the TGF-β superfamily, with a particular focus on activin, a paracrine hormone.Binds directly to activin and functions as an activin antagonist. Specific inhibitor of the biosynthesis and secretion of pituitary follicle stimulating hormone (FSH).
Background References
1. Zhang Z et al. Signal peptide prediction based on analysis of experimentally verified cleavage sites. Protein Sci 13:2819-2824 (2004).
2. Thompson T B et al. The structure of the follistatin:activin complex reveals antagonism of both type I and type II receptor binding. Dev Cell 9:535-543 (2005).
Tissue Specificity
Isoform 1 is the predominant isoform in serum but is undetectable in follicular fluid.
Western blot analysis of Follistatin on different lysates with Rabbit anti-Follistatin antibody (ER1901-69) at 1/5,000 dilution.
Lane 1: Hep G2 (Human hepatocellular carcinoma cell) cell lysate Lane 2: C6 (Rat glioma cell) cell lysate Lane 3: Mouse ovary tissue lysate Lane 4: Rat ovary tissue lysate
Lysates/proteins at 15 µg/Lane. Exposure time: 46 seconds; ECL: K1801
Blocking: 5% NFDM/TBST, 1 hour at room temperature Primary antibody: ER1901-69, 1/5,000 in primary antibody dilution buffer (K1803), overnight at 4 ℃ Secondary antibody: Goat anti-Rabbit IgG-HRP (HA1001), 1/50,000 in 5% NFDM/TBST, 1 hour at room temperature
Predicted band size: 38 kDa Observed band size: 38 kDa
ICC staining of Follistatin in Hela cells (green). Formalin fixed cells were permeabilized with 0.1% Triton X-100 in TBS for 10 minutes at room temperature and blocked with 1% Blocker BSA for 15 minutes at room temperature. Cells were probed with the primary antibody (ER1901-69, 1/100) for 1 hour at room temperature, washed with PBS. Alexa Fluor®488 Goat anti-Rabbit IgG was used as the secondary antibody at 1/100 dilution. The nuclear counter stain is DAPI (blue).
ICC staining of Follistatin in MCF-7 cells (green). Formalin fixed cells were permeabilized with 0.1% Triton X-100 in TBS for 10 minutes at room temperature and blocked with 1% Blocker BSA for 15 minutes at room temperature. Cells were probed with the primary antibody (ER1901-69, 1/100) for 1 hour at room temperature, washed with PBS. Alexa Fluor®488 Goat anti-Rabbit IgG was used as the secondary antibody at 1/100 dilution. The nuclear counter stain is DAPI (blue).
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human placenta tissue using anti-Follistatin antibody. The section was pre-treated using heat mediated antigen retrieval with Tris-EDTA buffer (pH 8.0-8.4) for 20 minutes.The tissues were blocked in 5% BSA for 30 minutes at room temperature, washed with ddH2O and PBS, and then probed with the primary antibody (ER1901-69, 1/100) for 30 minutes at room temperature. The detection was performed using an HRP conjugated compact polymer system. DAB was used as the chromogen. Tissues were counterstained with hematoxylin and mounted with DPX.
Flow cytometric analysis of Follistatin was done on HepG2 cells. The cells were fixed, permeabilized and stained with the primary antibody (ER1901-69, 1/100) (purple). After incubation of the primary antibody at room temperature for an hour, the cells were stained with a Alexa Fluor 488-conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG Secondary antibody at 1/500 dilution for 30 minutes.Unlabelled sample was used as a control (cells without incubation with primary antibody; yellow).
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