Prostate Specific Antigen Recombinant Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody [JE19-84]

Function

Prostate-specific antigen (PSA), also known as gamma-seminoprotein or kallikrein-3 (KLK3), is a glycoprotein enzyme encoded in humans by the KLK3 gene. PSA is a member of the kallikrein-related peptidase family and is secreted by the epithelial cells of the prostate gland. PSA is produced for the ejaculate, where it liquefies semen in the seminal coagulum and allows sperm to swim freely. It is also believed to be instrumental in dissolving cervical mucus, allowing the entry of sperm into the uterus. PSA is present in small quantities in the serum of men with healthy prostates, but is often elevated in the presence of prostate cancer or other prostate disorders. PSA is not a unique indicator of prostate cancer, but may also detect prostatitis or benign prostatic hyperplasia. PSA levels are monitored periodically (e.g., every 6–36 months) after treatment for prostate cancer - more frequently in patients with high-risk disease, less frequently in patients with lower-risk disease. PSA is produced in the epithelial cells of the prostate, and can be demonstrated in biopsy samples or other histological specimens using immunohistochemistry. The physiological function of KLK3 is the dissolution of the coagulum, the sperm entrapping gel composed of semenogelins and fibronectin. Further regulation is achieved through pH variations. Although its activity is increased by higher pH, the inhibitory effect of zinc also increases.

Background References

1. Garg S et al. Point-of-Care Prostate Specific Antigen Testing: Examining Translational Progress toward Clinical Implementation. ACS Sens. 2023 Oct

2. Dowlatshahi S et al. Electrochemical prostate-specific antigen biosensors based on electroconductive nanomaterials and polymers. Clin Chim Acta. 2021 May

Sequence Similarity

Belongs to the peptidase S1 family. Kallikrein subfamily.

Subcellular Location

Secreted.

UNIPROT

SwissProt: P07288 Human

Synonyms